问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

以下关于牙列缺损不良影响的描述中错误的是()

A.咀嚼功能减退

B.颞下颌关节病变

C.对牙周组织的影响

D.发音功能障碍

E.面肌瘫痪

答案

参考答案:E

解析:牙列缺损的影响1.咀嚼功能减退部分天然牙的缺失,将影响咀嚼功能,而影响程度与缺牙数量、时间和部位有关。若后牙个别牙缺失,可降低部分咀嚼功能;当上颌或下颌的一侧后牙全部缺失,将丧失一侧食物磨碎功能。若前牙缺失,将影响切割食物功能。个别牙缺失,不及时修复,将会造成邻牙向缺牙区倾斜,缺牙间隙变小,对颌牙伸长引起(牙合)干扰,从而导致咬合功能紊乱,使牙列的有效功能接触面积相应减少。2.发音功能障碍前牙缺失对发音功能影响很大,特别是影响齿音、唇齿音、舌齿音的发音,从而影响讲话时的清晰度。3.对牙周组织的影响因缺失牙还可能引起邻牙间的接触点丧失,食物嵌塞导致龈炎或牙周炎。4.颞下颌关节病变长期、多数后牙缺失,且久未修复,有可能造成颞下颌关节的病变。其主要原因是(牙合)干扰引起的咬合关系紊乱,一侧丧失咬合后出现的咀嚼肌张力不平衡;双侧后牙咬合关系丧失后,垂直距离减少致髁突后上移位,盘突关系异常造成关节症状等。5.美观的影响完整的牙列维持着面部的外貌。如前牙缺失,失去对唇部的支持,唇部内陷,影响患者的美观。如上下牙列缺损,余留牙都无对颌牙接触,使面下1/3距离缩短,鼻唇沟加深,面部皱纹增加,面容显老。

阅读理解

Friendships are some of the most important relationships that we will ever have in our lives. But how to build a solid friendship? Here are five tips for you.

Tip 1. _____

True friendships can only be built in honesty. This is more than just telling the truth. Being real and open about who you are and your thoughts and feelings are a part of building a solid friendship. If your “friends” don’t even really know you, who are they really friends with?

Tip 2. Shared Experiences

As you build your friendship, you will share many experiences together. Some of these may be great adventures or hard times that the two of you go through together. These shared experiences are things that you will laugh about, talk about, and cry about no matter how much time passes.

Tip 3. Sacrificial(牺牲精神的)love

Love is the basis(基础)of all solid relationships. I am not referring to the emotion(情感) of love, but to the action of love. Love is what will cause a friend to get out of bed in the middle of the night to help another. Love is what will put aside someone’s own wants to make sure that their friend is alright.

Tip 4. Understanding

When a friendship is solid, it will be based on each other’s understanding. You may not agree with everything that a friend says or does, but you will be able to put yourself into his or her shoes to begin to understand. Offering understanding to a friend is very important, as it allows them to feel that they have someone in their corner that they can talk to and who will offer advice and suggestions, without having to worry that if they don’t always follow it, the friendship will be lost.

Tip 5. Acceptance

A solid friendship is one in which two people accept one another, faults and all, for just who they are. There is no having to build up false excuses, or hide away the “dark secrets” from one another. We accept each other as whole, complete, and totally unique people.

小题1:What’s the best title of Tip 1?

A.Introduction of yourself.

B.Telling the truth

C.Honesty

D.True friendships小题2:Which tip can remind us of an English proverb “Love me, love my dog”?

A.Tip 2.

B.Tip 3.

C.Tip 4.

D.Tip 5.小题3:What’s the meaning of the underlined part “put yourself into his or her shoes” in Tip 4?

A.Exchange your shoes with his or hers.

B.Try on his or her shoes.

C.Put yourself in his or her position.

D.Force yourself.小题4:What’s the best title of the whole passage?

A.A solid friendship

B.The most important relationships

C.Five tips for you

D.Tips on how to build a solid friendship

问答题 简答题