问题 材料题

“一个幽灵, * * 主义的幽灵在欧洲徘徊。”马克思、恩格斯在19世纪中期写下了这句名言,创立了一种新的社会主义理论。从此,在科学理论的指导下,社会主义运动蓬勃发展。阅读材料,回答下列问题。

材料一

图1 新和谐公社蓝图
图2 《 * * 党宣言》书影
图3 巴黎公社成立大会

材料二 马克思、恩格斯总结归纳了工人运动的经验,创造了科学社会主义。当科学社会主义诞生之时,它只是众多社会主义流派中的一个,并未马上得到大多数人的理解和接受。但是它的科学性决定了它必然成为社会主义学说中最有生命力和最有影响力的理论。之所以说它是科学的,基本根据:它奠基于辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的真理之上;它从实践中找到了自己所依靠的物质力量--无产阶级;它合理地继承了人类知识的精华,不割断历史,但又不拘泥于传统:它遵循实事求是的原则,抛弃了一切主观臆测。这一切正是它区别于其他所有社会主义流派的地方,是它大放异彩、长存不败的根源所在。《 * * 党宣言》包含了科学社会主义的所有的原理,当然,其中也有一些后来被实践证明是不准确或不正确的结论,这是不必讳言的。因为判断正误与对错是实事求是原则所要求的。——《历史学科专题讲座》材料三

图4 攻打冬宫
图5 井冈山会师

(1)依据材料一,指出国际社会主义运动的发展趋势。___________________________________________________________________________________________ (2)依据材料二,概括马克思主义科学性的主要表现。___________________________________________________________________________________________ (3)依据材料三,指出中俄两国革命道路的差异,并谈谈你的认识。___________________________________________________________________________________________ (4)2010年4月6日,俄罗斯科学院下属的俄罗斯历史研究所发表了一份声明,指出“列宁的活动使国家在社会经济和思想方面走入死胡同,阻碍了国家发展,使国家孤立于文明世界之外”。结合所学知识对这一观点作出评价。___________________________________________________________________________________________ (5)根据以上材料及所学知识,你可以总结出无产阶级革命的哪些经验?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

(1)由空想社会主义到科学社会主义理论,由理论到建立无产阶级 * * 的实践。

(2)建立在科学的理论基础之上;找到了自己所依靠的物质力量——无产阶级;合理地继承了人类知识的精华;遵循实事求是的原则。

(3)差异:城市中心论;农村包围城市。认识略。

(4)这一观点不正确。①十月革命是俄国历史发展的必然趋势:20世纪初,俄国垄断资本主义发展、社会矛盾尖锐、第一次世界大战激化国内社会矛盾等历史因素,说明了社会主义革命发生在落后的俄国具有客观条件。②十月革命使俄国进入新的历史发展阶段,俄国摆脱了封建残余的束缚,推动了俄国现代化建设事业的发展。20世纪30年代苏联经济得到迅速发展,跃居欧洲第一位、世界第二位。这种观点的意图在于否定十月革命的必然性和历史意义,是错误的。

(5)无产阶级必须通过暴力革命夺取 * * ;无产阶级必须以农民为革命的同盟军,建立工农联盟;正确的革命政党、革命理论和伟大的革命领袖是革命成功的必要条件。

单项选择题
完形填空

Some myths are stories told since ancient times to explain the causes for natural happenings. The Greek myth that explains why there are changes of ___1___ is about Demeter, the goddess of the harvest. She had a daughter, Persephone, whom she loved very much. Hades, god of the underworld, fell in love with Persephone, and he asked Zeus, the ___2___ of the gods, to give Persephone to him as his ___3___. Zeus did not want either to disappoint Hades or to upset Demeter, so he said he would not agree to the marriage, but neither would he ___4___ it. Hades, therefore, decided to take the girl without ___5___. When Persephone was picking flowers in the garden, he seized her and took her to the underworld. When Demeter ___6___ what happened to Persephone, she became so ___7___ that she caused all plants to ___8___ People were in ___9___ of starving. But Demeter was determined not to let crops grow ___10___ her daughter, Persephone, was returned to her. ___11___, still not wanting to disappoint Hades, decided upon a condition for Persephone’s ___12___. She could go back to her mother if she had not ___13___ anything while she was in the underworld. Demeter ___14___ it because she did not know that Persephone had eaten several pomegranate(石榴) seeds in the underworld. When Zeus ___15___ this, he agreed that Persephone could spend part of the year with her ___16___, but he added that since she had eaten the seeds, she must spend part of the year in the underworld. and so it ___17___ that when Persephone is in the underworld, Demeter is sad and therefore ___18___ not let the crops grow. That is ___19___ we have winter when plants do not grow. When Persephone returns, Demeter is ___20___, it is spring, and plants begin to grow again.

1. A. periods   B. seasons       C. time    D. age

2. A. winner   B. ruler   C. advisor       D. fighter

3. A. wife       B. lover   C. partner       D. daughter

4. A. forbid    B. forgive       C. admit  D. accept

5. A. arrangement   B. warning     C. reason D. permission

6. A. let out    B. worked out C. thought out D. found out

7. A. excited   B. tired   C. angry  D. serious

8. A. grow fast       B. start growing     C. stop growing     D. grow slowly

9. A. danger    B. hope   C. turn    D. case

10. A. since    B. until   C. after   D. when

11. A. Persephone   B. Zeus   C. Demeter     D. Hades

12. A. return   B. change       C. marriage    D. journey

13. A. stolen   B. found  C. eaten   D. heard

14. A. understood   B. refused       C. doubted      D. accepted

15. A. discovered   B. studied       C. forgot D. prepared

16. A. daughter      B. mother       C. god     D. ruler

17. A. works   B. remains      C. happens      D. starts

18. A. should  B. can     C. dare    D. will

19. A. where   B. because      C. why    D. how

20. A. nice      B. friendly      C. fresh   D. happy