问题 填空题

(12分)有机物A可由葡萄糖发酵得到,也可从酸牛奶中提取。纯净的A为无色粘稠液体,易溶于水。为研究A的组成与结构,进行了如下实验:

答案

(1)90  (2) C3H6O3 (3)—COOH   —OH   (4) 4  (5)

题目分析:(1)根据阿伏加德罗定律可知,气体的密度之比是摩尔质量之比,则该化合物的相对分子质量是45×2=90。

(2)浓硫酸吸水,则水的物质的量是5.4g÷18g/mol=0.3mol。碱石灰吸收CO2,则CO2的物质的量是13.2g÷44g/mol=0.3mol。所以有机物中氧原子的物质的量是。又因为有机物的物质的量是0.1mol,则根据原子守恒可知,有机物中C、H、O的个数之比是1:2:1,所以根据相对分子质量是90可知,其分子中碳原子的个数是,因此分子式是C3H6O3

(3)0.1molA与碳酸氢钠反应生成0.1molCO2,则A中含有1个羧基。而0.1molA与金属钠反应生成氢气也是0.1mol,这说明A中还含有1个羟基。

(4)根据A的核磁共振氢谱图可知,A中氢原子分为4种,所以其结构简式是CH3CHOHCOOH。

点评:该题是中等难度的试题,试题基础性强,侧重能力的培养和训练。有助于培养学生的逻辑推理能力和创新思维能力,也有助于培养学生的规范答题能力,提高学生分析问题、灵活运用基础知识解决问题的能力。

单项选择题 配伍题
单项选择题

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never ending flood of words. In (1) a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (2) can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (3) readers. Most of us develop poor reading (4) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (5) in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have (6) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (7) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (8) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (9) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (10) down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as (11) reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (12) , which moves a bar(or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (13) the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (14) word by word reading, regression and subvocalization practically impossible. At first (15) is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, (16) your comprehension will improve. Many people have found (17) reading skill drastically improved after some training. (18) Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance. His reading rate was a reasonably good 172words a minute (19) the training; now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can (20) a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

A.master
B.go over
C.present
D.get through