问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

女性,78岁,主动脉瓣关闭不全,该患者查体不存在的体征是()

A.胸骨左缘第2肋间连续性杂音

B.抬举样心尖搏动

C.水冲脉

D.枪击音

E.点头运动

答案

参考答案:A

解析:主动脉瓣关闭不全心脏听诊:主动脉瓣区舒张期杂音,为高调递减型叹气样杂音,坐位前倾呼气末时明显。最响区域取决于有无显著的升主动脉扩张;风湿性者主动脉扩张较轻,在胸骨左缘第3肋间最响,可沿胸骨缘下传至心尖区;马方综合征或梅毒性心脏病所致者,由于升主动脉或主动脉瓣环可有高度扩张,故杂音在胸骨右缘第2肋间最响。一般主动脉瓣关闭不全越严重,杂音所占的时间越长,响度越大。轻度关闭不全者,此杂音柔和,仅出现于舒张早期,只在患者取坐位前倾、呼气末才能听到;较重的关闭不全时,杂音可为全舒张期且粗糙;在重度或急性主动脉瓣关闭不全时,由于左心室舒张末期压力增高至与主动脉舒张压相等,故杂音持续时间反而缩短。如杂音带音乐性质,常提示瓣膜的一部分翻转、撕裂或穿孔。主动脉夹层分离有时也出现音乐性杂音,可能是由于舒张期近端主动脉内膜通过主动脉瓣向心室脱垂或中层主动脉管腔内血液流动之故。

单项选择题
阅读理解

The aims of the Illustrators(插图画家)Exhibition,staged as part of the Bologna Children’s Book Fair,organized by BolognaFiere and held from 19 to 22.March 2012,are to bring illustrators and publishers together and to promote illustrators and their works among publishers.

QUALIFICATIONS

*Individual illustrators or groups of illustrators of any nationality, if they were born before 31st December l994,whose artwork is intended for use in children’s books,are qualified to enter the Exhibition, either directly or through publishing houses or schools.

*Please state in the application form whether you are entering work for the Fiction or Non-fiction Category.Illustrators may only enter one category.

*Artwork previously presented to the Exhibition may not be re-entered.

*The confirmation form must be filled in and a photograph attached, then presented together with illustrations no later than 26 September 2011.

SHIPMENT

Entries may be delivered by post,express delivery service or by hand.From abroad,please use the following forms:Form “A” for registered mail or post by air;Form “B” if using an international forwarding agent or airline.

To avoid deiays, material should not be sent by normal post.Material should be sent “carriage paid”,including any customs and delivery costs.

BolognaFiere may not be held responsible for the non-arrival or late arrival of artwork.All published works must be accompanied by a declaration bearing the ISBN number,publisher’s name and address.

REQUIREMENTS

The illustrations (i.e. the size of the sheet) must not exceed (超过) the following dimensions:

Fiction:32*42cm(or 42*32cm)

Non-fiction:50*70cm(70*50cm)

Illustrations in larger formats will not be considered,nor will they be returned by BolognaFiere.The illustrations must be on paper or flexible board,maximum thickness 2mm(for scanner separation purposes).

SELECTIONPROCESS

All artwork received by the stated deadtine and meeting the specified requirements will be examined and selected by an international group(whose decision is final),inclnding five members(from publishing houses and art schools) appointed each year by BolognaFiere.

ANNUAL

Each illustrator selected by the Committee will be granted two pages in the Annual,for the reproduction of all or some of the illustrations as well as a space for the bibliography(参考书目). BotognaFiere has the fight to choose the works to be published in the Annual and to make complete or partial reproductions.

EXHIBITIONS ABROAD

After the Bologna event,the illustrator Exhibition will travel to Japan under the supervision of JBBY.The illustrator exhibition may afterwards be transferred to other venues(场馆)in other countries,The Exhibitions of illustrations held abroad follow the same rules and regulations as the illustrator Exhibition,and the provision(条款)of the regulations are extended to tile organizers of the exhibitions held abroad.

RETURN OF ARTWORK

All the works will be returned to their owners by BolognaFiere by the end of July 2012.

小题1:According to the text,the Illustrators Exhibitions       

A.will last five days in all in July every other year

B.is intended for college students who are good at painting

C.is held by the Bologna Children's Book Fair

D.can strengthen the relationship between illustrators and publishers小题2:The illustrators of the Illustrators Exhibitions         

A.should be at least 16 and no more than 25

B.may re-enter their artwork after it is returned

C.should state the category of their artwork clearly

D.may choose to attach a photo to the application form小题3:Which of the following is unacceptable for delivering entries?

A.Normal post.

B.Airline post.

C.Registered mail.

D.Express delivery.小题4:What is BolognaFiere responsible for?

A.Paying for the delivery costs.

B.Late arrival of artwork.

C.Confirmation of the ISBN number.

D.Returning the illustrator’s works.小题5:The Illustrators’ works will not be considered if they       

A.are received after the day of 26 September 2011

B.are smaller than the size 32*42cm

C.are thinner than 2mm

D.don’t meet the demands of the international cxperts