问题 材料题

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:

材料二:以天演为体,其用有二:曰物竞,曰天择。此万物莫不然,而于有生之类为尤著。物竞者,物争自存也……天择者,物争焉而独存。──《___________》

材料三:(进化论的介绍与传播犹如)当头棒喝,给了无数人一种绝大的刺激。几年之中,这种思想像野火一样,燃烧着许多年轻人的心和血。──胡适

请问答:

(1)材料一是什么书?作者是谁?书的封面那七个字是什么字体?

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(2)请把材料二的出处填充完整,然后概括这段文字的主旨词语。

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(3)材料一和材料二两部著作(译著)诞生的共同背景是什么?

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(4)根据材料三并结合所学知识,简要分析进化论传入中国的积极意义。

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答案

(1)《海国图志》、魏源、小篆。

(2)《天演论》、“物竞天择”。

(3)中国内忧外患,随着西学东渐,先进的中国人逐渐“开眼看世界”。

(4)拓宽了中国人的视野,思维方式、价值观念也随之发生重大变化;为改革、革命运动奠定了理论基础,推动了中国人民反帝反封建运动等。

单项选择题
阅读理解

It can be hard to meet people from another culture. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal (信号). Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.

Different cultures emphasize(强调)the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”, usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job. In many European countries—like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.

Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.

Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.

People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural(多元文化)environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.

小题1:In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to ______.

A.keep each other company

B.share the same culture

C.get to know each other

D.develop closer relations小题2:The writer mentions his experience in Thailand to show that ______.

A.too many words are of no use

B.the English prefer to make long speeches

C.even talk and silence can be culturally different

D.people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature小题3:What would be the best title for the passage?

A.Multicultural Environment

B.Cross-Cultural Differences

C.How to Understand Each Other

D.How to Build Up a Relationship