女性，48岁。肝硬化患者，近1个月来腹水逐渐增多、尿少就诊。用

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问题单项选择题 A1/A2型题

女性，48岁。肝硬化患者，近1个月来腹水逐渐增多、尿少就诊。用利尿剂疗效不佳，考虑合并有肝肾综合征，下列哪项最符合此诊断？（）

A.氮质血症

B.稀释性低血钠

C.尿少

D.低尿钠

E.高钾血症

答案

参考答案：D

解析：肝肾综合征时肾小管重吸收钠的功能正常，此时常有肾素一血管紧张素一醛固酮系统（RAAS）、交感神经系统（SNS）的明显激活，肾小管钠重吸收增加，尿钠减少。此时，肾小球滤过率下降使钠滤过减少也可使尿钠减少。因此肝肾综合征时常有低尿钠。而氮质血症、稀释性低血钠、少尿、高钾血症在急性肾小管坏死（ATN）等肾器质性病变中均可出现，ATN时肾小管重吸收钠的功能减弱，尿钠增加。

选择题

当前，轿车正逐步进入家庭，成为大众消费的热点，读表判断不同等级城市每百户家庭拥有的汽车数差异的根本原因是

城市	每百户家庭拥有汽车的辆数（辆）
小城市	60
中城市	40
大城市	30
特大城市	10

A．经济愈发达，家庭拥有汽车数量愈多

B．人口密度愈大，家庭拥有汽车数量愈多

C．公共交通愈发达，家庭拥有汽车数量愈少

D．城市空间面积愈大，家庭拥有汽车数量愈多

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单项选择题

Napoga is a 12-year-old girl in Ghana(加纳), Africa. It is hard for her family to get clean water. Every morning, she leaves home at half past five to get clean water for her family in a village far away. It takes her six hours to get enough clean water for daily cooking and drinking. She has no time to go to school or to play with her friends. Millions of people in the world are like Napoga. They can’t get enough clean water to keep healthy.
Earth Day is April 22. But on all other days, we must also remember it. The water we use is the most important natural resource on the earth.
Water covers 70% of the earth’s surface. But most of that is sea water. We can’t use it for very many things. Fresh water covers only 1% of the earth’s surface.
You probably feel lucky that your life isn’t as hard as Napoga’s. But that doesn’t mean you don’t have to worry about water. We all face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes, and oceans dirty. Polluted water is very bad for people to drink. And dirty water is bad for fish, too. Now, 34% of all kinds of fish are dying out.
How do cars and factories make our water dirty First, they pollute the air. Then, when it rains, the rain water comes down and makes our drinking water dirty. Dirty rain, called acid rain, is also bad for plants, animals and buildings.
Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won’t have enough clean water. We have to learn how to save more water for ourselves and our children. Here is some advice for saving water:
· Turn off the water while you brush your teeth. You can save as much as 450 liters each month.
· Leaky taps waste a lot of water. Fix them right away!
· You can easily cut your 10-minute showers in half—and you’ll be just as clean.
· When you wash dishes, don’t let the water run.
· Only wash clothes when you have a lot to wash. If your washing machine isn’t full, you’re wasting water !

On the earth, ______.

A．sea water is widely used than fresh water

B．there is very little water for our living

C．there is 71% of fresh water

D．we don’t need to worry about water

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