问题 问答题

根据下列装置图,回答下列问题:

(1)写出①至④仪器的名称:①______②______③______④______.

(2)实验室氯酸钾和制取氧气时应选用______和______或______连接;写出使用催化剂制取这种气体的反应的文字表达式______;反应类型为______,反应物的化学式为______,固态生成物的化学式______.

(3)图A试管口略向下倾斜的目的是______图A若与图C连接,则实验完毕时,应先把______,后移出______防止______导致试管破裂.

(4)实验室制取氢气时,应选用______和______或______连接,点燃这种气体前一定要先______.

答案

(1)①试管②铁架台③长颈漏斗④集气瓶.

(2)实验室氯酸钾和制取氧气是固体在受热的条件下,所以发生装置为A.而由于氧气不易溶解于水,且密度比空气大,所以可以采取排水法也可以采用向上排空气法收集.故应选用AC或者AD连接.使用催化剂制取这种气体的反应的文字表达式 氯酸钾

二氧化锰
加热
氯化钾+氧气;反应是一种物质生成两种物质,所以基本反应类型为分解反应.反应物的化学式为KClO3,固态生成物的化学式 KCl.

(3)图A试管口略向下倾斜的目的是 防止固体中的水受热冷凝回流炸裂试管;图A若与图C连接,则实验完毕时,应先把 撤导气管,后移出 酒精灯,防止 水槽内的水因试管内温度降低而导致回流到试管内,导致试管破裂.

(4)实验室制取氢气,是固体可以和液体酸(盐酸或者硫酸均可),所以应该选用的发生装置为B.而由于氢气是不溶于水的且密度比空气小,所以既可以选用排水法又可以选用向下排空气法,选用 B和C或者E.由于氢气是可燃性气体,所以在使用过程中一定验纯,防止不纯时导致发生爆炸.实验室制取氢气时,应点燃这种气体前一定要先检验纯度.

故答案为:(1)①试管②铁架台③长颈漏斗④集气瓶.

(2)A;C;D; 氯酸钾

二氧化锰
加热
氯化钾+氧气; 分解反应; KClO3; KCl.

(3)防止固体中的水受热冷凝回流炸裂试管;撤导气管;酒精灯;水槽内的水因试管内温度降低而导致回流到试管内;(4)B;C;E; 检验纯度.

阅读理解

  They are the sort of friends who are so close that they trust each other with their lives. If one falls, the other is there to catch him.

They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident, and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2, 000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes(路线).

During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes(尖状物)that guided the ropes, and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.  Wellman’s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5, 000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.

However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. “He knew that was how I got injured. ”Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.

Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend’s life.

“Your partner can save your life—you can save your partner’s life. ”Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. “There are real close ties. ”

小题1: Which of the following was a challenge for Corbett in climbing Half Dome?

A.To climb up to remove the spikes.

B.To climb it twice.

C.To do 5, 000 pull-ups up the rope.

D.To lock the rope in place.小题2: Why did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?

A.Corbett was poorly trained.

B.Wellman had lost interest in climbing.

C.Corbett didn’t want to hurt Wellman.

D.Wellman hadn’t decided whether to climb again or not.小题3: What do we know about Wellman?

A.He climbed Half Dome by himself.

B.He was disabled in a traffic accident.

C.He stopped rock-climbing for some time.

D.He was saved by Corbett during the climb.小题4: The main idea of the text is that   .

A.two heads are better than one

B.friendship is precious in life

C.the disabled should never give up

D.a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated

判断题