问题 填空题

.(15分)药物Z可用于治疗哮喘、系统性红斑狼疮等,可由X(1,4-环己二酮单乙二醇缩酮)和Y(咖啡酸)为原料合成,如下图:

(1)化合物X的有    种化学环境不同的氢原子。

(2)下列说法正确的是     

A.X是芳香化合物

B.Ni催化下Y能与5molH2加成

C.Z能发生加成、取代及消去反应

D.1mol Z最多可与5mol NaOH反应(3)Y与过量的溴水反应的化学方程式为                                 

(4)X可以由    (写名称)和M( )分子间脱水而得;一定条件下,M发生1个—OH的消去反应得到稳定化合物N(分子式为C6H8O2),则N的结构简式为            (已知烯醇式不稳定,会发生分子重排,例如:  )。

(5)Y也可以与环氧丙烷()发生类似反应①的反应,其生成物的结构简式为            (写一种);Y的同分异构体很多种,其中有苯环、苯环上有三个取代基(且酚羟基的位置和数目都不变)、属于酯的同分异构体有     种。

答案

30.(15分)

(1)(2分)3    (2)(2分)C  

(3) (有机结构简式和无机化学正确2分,系数1分)

(4)(4分)乙二醇(2分)    (2分)

(5)(4分)  或                             

(2分,写为结构简式,只要正确同样给分);  8种(2分);

题目分析: (1)化合物X从给出的结构简式可以看出该分子左右对称,因此共有3种不同化学环境的氢原子,有3种H谱峰。

(2)化合物X不含有苯环结构,因此X不是芳香族化合物,A错误;化合物Y的结构简式可以看出,在Ni的催化作用下,分子中能与氢气加成的位置只有苯环和侧链的C=C,因此只能消耗4mol的H2,B错误;Z分子中含有苯环、C=C键、-OH,且醇羟基的邻位C上有H,因此这些位置分别可以发生加成、取代、消去等反应,C正确;Z分子中2个酚羟基和1个酯基功能消耗3mol的NaOH,因此D错误;故选C。

(3)分子Y与溴水反应,不仅双键处能发生加成反应,而且苯环上受酚羟基的影响,2个酚羟基的邻位和1个对位均能发生取代反应,因此反应的方程式为:

(4)X与分子M的区别在于形成了2个醚基,因此根据形成醚的特点,与M形成X的另一个物质应该是同样含有2个醇-OH的乙二醇;若M分子中2个相同的醇-OH基,其中1个发生消去反应,则会形成一个C=C键,同时双键C上将会出现连接一个-OH的烯醇是结构,因此根据烯醇结构不稳定发生重排的特点,剩下的-OH重排后形成了羰基,因此得到的稳定化合物N的结构简式应为:

(5)反应1的原理是环氧醚的1个醚基和Y分子中羧基发生反应,一个醚基断裂,生成了酯基和羟基;因此参考反应1,则Y与环氧丙烷反应,断裂的醚基有2种,因此生成物的结构简式应该是;同分异构体分析:苯环对称结构,在苯环上取代有2种可能;属于酯的取代基有4种:

                   (或          )所以共2×4=8种同分异构体。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Beijing leading schools say “No” to students’ mobile phones.

Three reasons make some leading schools in Beijing discourage middle school students from bringing mobile phones to campus.

First, it is dangerous for children to bring valuable mobile phones along to school for it is possible for them to be lost during physical exercise and other activities and may cause unnecessary trouble to teachers.

Second, mobile phones are bad for students’ studies. Many teachers complain that some students have phone calls in class, disturbing themselves and others.

Third, mobile phones serve as a hotbed for students’ vanity(虚荣). A new Grade One senior high school student in a leading school asked his parents to buy a 4000-yuan colored-screen mobile phone, which turned out to be his fifth one ever since he entered the middle school.

Most headmasters and teachers in leading schools of Beijing thought that IC telephones on campus have made it very easy for students to get in touch with others, so middle school students should not bring mobile phones to school at present.

1. According to the passage, without mobile phones, how can the students get in touch with others?

A. By writing letters to each other.                       B. By sending e-mails.

C. By using IC telephones.                          D. By no means.

2. Which is NOT the reason that makes the schools say “No” to students’ mobile phones?

A. It is not safe for children to bring mobile phones to school.

B. It may give students a feeling of vanity.

C. It is bad for students’ studies.

D. Most headmasters and teachers don’t want students to bring mobile phones to campus.

3. Why did the new Grade One student ask to buy him the fifth mobile phone since he entered the school?

A. His family had a lot of money.

B. He wanted to show that his family was very rich.

C. His parents loved him too much.

D. The first four mobile phones were all lost.

4. What is the writer’s attitude towards students’ bringing cell phones to school?

A. negative.         B. acceptable.        C. not mentioned.     D. positive.