问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面这首诗,完成①—②题。(6分)

题宣州开元寺水阁[1]

杜牧

六朝文物草连空,天淡云闲今古同。

鸟去鸟来山色里,人歌人哭水声中。

深秋帘幕千家雨,落日楼台一笛风。

惆怅无因见范蠡[2],参差烟树五湖东。

[注][1]此诗写于唐文宗开成年间,杜牧任宣州(今安徽宜城)团练判官时。八年前,他供职于沉传师的幕下。也曾在此地盘桓。[2]范蠡,春秋时曾辅助越王勾践打败吴王夫差,功成后,乘扁舟归隐于五湖一带。

(1谈谈对这首诗“惆怅无因见范蠡,参差烟树五湖东”一联的理解。(3分)

答:

(2)这首诗,古人曾说:“此诗全在景中写情,极洒脱,极含蓄,读之再三,神味益出。”(见《瀛奎律髓汇评》在二、三两联中任选一联,结合诗句分析诗人是如何“景中写情”的。(3分)

答:

答案

(1)联借对一代名臣范蠡的追慕而不可得,表达出仕途失望的惆怅;以似烟

如雾的景语作结,更加重了惆怅之感。(2)联:“鸟去鸟来山色里,人歌人哭水声中。”

评分要点:[景]对诗人心中的居住在宛溪两岸的百姓的生活画面有所描述。[情]承上联“今古同”想到宛溪的山水是持久的,歌哭相迭的一代代人生却是有限的。于是顿生无法让人生永驻的感慨。或:联想八年前曾游此地,今故地重游,虽明丽的风景依旧,无奈年华如流水,一去不复返,于是顿生人世变易的感慨。(意思对即可)

第三联:“深秋帘幕千家雨,落日楼台一笛风。”景:能对“深秋”、“落日”、“雨帘”、

“笛声”等略显悲凉的意象有所分析。或:对诗句中景物描写的特色,如一阴一晴,一朦胧一明丽,有色(夕阳晚照)有声(风里笛声),虚实结合等,择其一点有所分析即可。情:略显悲凉的意象,勾画出秋天特有的情韵,隐隐透露出佣怅、哀凉之情。(以丽景写哀情)或:时间上并不连续却又每每使人难忘的景象同时涌入脑海,引发诗人人生多变的感慨。(意思对即可)

诗中把宣城风物,描绘得很美,很值得流连,而又慨叹六朝文物已成过眼云烟,大有无法让人生永驻的感慨。这样,游于五湖享受着山水风物之美的范蠡,自然就成了诗人怀恋的对象了。诗人的情绪并不高,但把客观风物写得很美,并在其中织入“鸟去鸟来山色里”、“落日楼台一笛风”这样一些明丽的景象,诗的节奏和语调轻快流走,给人爽利的感觉。

诗一开始写登临览景,勾起古今联想,造成一种笼罩全篇的气氛:六朝的繁华已成陈迹,放眼望去,只见草色连空,那天淡云闲的景象,倒是自古至今,未发生什么变化。三、四两句似乎是写眼前景象,写“今”,但同时又和“古”相沟通。飞鸟在山色里出没,固然是向来如此,而人歌人哭,也并非某一片刻的景象。接下去两句,展现了时间上并不连续却又每每使人难忘的景象:一是深秋时节的密雨,象给上千户人家挂上了层层的雨帘;一是落日时分,夕阳掩映着的楼台,在晚风中送出悠扬的笛声。两种景象:一阴一晴;一朦胧,一明丽。在现实中是难以同时出现的。但当诗人面对着开元寺水阁下这片天地时,这种虽非同时,然而却是属于同一地方获得的印象,汇集复合起来了,从而融合成一个对宣城、对宛溪的综合而长久性的印象。这片天地,在时间的长河里,就是长期保持着这副面貌吧?这样,与“六朝文物草连空”相映照,那种文物不见、风景依旧的感慨,自然就愈来愈强烈了。客观世界是持久的,歌哭相迭的一代代人生却是有限的。这使诗人沉吟和低回不已,于是,诗人的心头浮动着对范蠡的怀念,无由相会,只见五湖方向,一片参差烟树而已。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Bushwick is a tough place to grow up. This part of Brooklyn, in New York City, has a lot of crime.

More than half of its 100,000 residents rely on aid from the government. Only 50% of students at

Bushwick High School graduate in four years.

     Some people might say, "We should help these poor kids who have so many challenges." But Malaak

Compton-Rock looks at the teens in Bushwick and says, "Go to help kids who have even bigger challenges

than you do."  She believes that once young people see the power they have to make things better, they

can handle their own problems more easily. So her service group, the Angel Rock Project, took 30 Bushwick

kids to Soweto, in South Africa, to help poor families there. Soweto is a township outside the city of

Johannesburg. The effort, called Journey for Change, aims to show that any kid can change the world.

     "Kids in Bushwick face pressure to drop out of school or become involved in gangs and drugs." Says

Compton-Rock. "We want them to live a life of purpose and service."

     In Soweto, many parents have died of AIDS, a deadly disease. When that happens, a grandparent or a

child must lead the family. The Bushwick volunteers helped such families. They tended vegetable gardens,

cared for babies and bought groceries.

     "The saddest thing was when we visited an orphanage (孤儿院) and I helped a little boy who had been

abandoned because he had HIV, the virus that causes AIDS," says Queen Clyde, 12. "It's been good to be

on this trip. But what's also important is what we do when it's finished. That's what counts." " I never

appreciated what I had until I saw some people who had nothing," says Sadara Lewis, 12 "It's really changed

my attitude. I want to make a difference."

     The trip was two weeks long. But the kids, aged 12 to 15, will spend all year speaking about their

experience, fund-raising and more.

1. What's the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. Bushwick is the poorest place in New York City.

B. Bushwick still needs more care from the government.

C. It is children who suffer most in New York City.

D. Children in Bushwick are living in a bad situation.

2. In Compton-Rock's opinion, the Bushwick kids _____.

A. have few challenges

B. are living much better than people in Africa

C. can learn to deal with their own problems by helping others

D. should be kept out of schools

3. Compared to Bushwick kids, some children in Soweto _____.

A. may have bigger challenges

B. receive no care from the government

C. are much more independent

D. are able to lead the family

4. According to the passage, "Journey for Change" can be best seen as the saying "_____".

A. God helps those who help themselves

B. saying and doing are two things

C. one stone kills two birds

D. a friend in need is a friend indeed

5. From the passage we know that _____.

A. there are few students in Bushwick High School

B. the trip to Soweto will have a long influence in spite of its short time

C. most children are suffering from AIDS in Soweto

D. kids with HIV will be abandoned in Soweto

单项选择题