问题 问答题 简答题

简述流行病学研究方法。

答案

参考答案:

流行病学研究方法可分为观察性研究、实验性研究、理论性研究三大类。

观察性研究主要有横断面研究、比例死亡比研究、生态学研究、病例对照研究、队列研究;

实验性研究主要有临床试验、现场试验、社区干预试验和整群随机试验;

理论性研究主要有理论流行病学和流行病学方法学研究。

阅读理解

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

It’s normal to wake briefly during the night.  小题1: But if you’re waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.

Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that you’re awake , because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake. 小题2:

 小题3: If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization, deep breathing, or meditation, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although they’re not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.

Do a quiet, non-stimulating activity. If you’ve been awake for more than 15 minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, non-stimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it’s time to wake up.  小题4: A light snack might help relax you, but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day.

 小题5: If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and postpone worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.

A.Make relaxation your goal, not sleep.

B.Put off worries and troubles.

C.Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night.

D.In fact, a good sleeper won’t even remember it .E. Also avoid screens of any kind —computers, TVs, cell phones, iPads.

F. You’ll be much more productive and creative after a good night’s rest.

G. A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling in your body.

单项选择题