问题 问答题

《刑法》第243条规定:“捏造事实诬告陷害他人,意图使他人受刑事追究,情节严重的,处3年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;造成严重后果的,处3年以上10年以下有期徒刑。国家机关工作人员犯前款罪的,从重处罚。不是有意诬陷,而是错告,或者检举失实的,不适用前两款的规定。”
试分析该条法律规定。

答案

参考答案:本条是关于诬告陷害罪的罪状和法定刑的规定。此条款所规定的罪状属于叙明罪状,诬告陷害罪,是指捏造事实诬告陷害他人,意图使他人受刑事追究,情节严重的行为。
(1)诬告陷害罪的构成特征:
①侵犯客体是公民人身权利和国家司法机关的正常活动。对公民人身权的侵犯具体表现为对公民人身自由的一种威胁或者实际损害。
②客观方面为捏造犯罪事实,向有关国家机关或者有关单位与人员告发,或者采取其他足以引起司法机关追究活动的行为。具体为:第一,要有特定的诬告对象。虽然诬告者不一定明确指出被诬告者的姓名,但从诬告的内容中必须能推断出其是谁,否则不构成本罪。第二,必须有捏造他人犯罪事实的行为。捏造,是指无中生有,完全虚构事实。如果告发的是真实的事实,即使有所夸大,亦属于检举失实,不构成本罪。捏造的必须是犯罪事实,如果捏造他人一般违法行为、不道德行为,或者其他事实则不构成本罪。第三,必须有向有关机关告发的行为。告发的具体形式多种多样,不影响本罪的成立。本罪是行为犯,只要行为人实施了捏造犯罪事实向有关机关告发的行为,就构成本罪。至于告发后的结果如何,可在量刑时给予考虑。第四,必须情节严重。
③犯罪主体是一般主体。
④主观方面为故意,并具有使他人受到刑事追究的目的。如果行为人不是有意诬陷,而是错告或者检举失实的,不构成本罪。行为人的动机通常有栽赃、泄愤、嫁祸于人等,均不影响本罪的成立。
(2)处罚:犯本罪的,处3年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;造成严重后果的;处3年以上 10年以下有期徒刑。国家机关工作人员犯本罪的,从重处罚。

完形填空

第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know 36  you think you are a 37  person or a coward (懦夫). But you will never really know the answer to this question 38  you are tested in real life. Some people  39  they are brave but when they come face to face with real 40 , they act like cowards. Others think of themselves as cowards, but when they meet danger, they act like 41  .

Lenny had always thought of himself as a 42  person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. 43 , on January 15th, 2002, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. He saw a woman in the  44  water. Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very 45 and did a very dangerous thing. He jumped into the Potomac, 46  to the woman, and kept her head 47  the water. Seventy-eight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny, it was not  48 .

When you are in a very 49  situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. The chemical is called adrenalin.  50  adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel stronger and stronger and are 51  to fight or run away. However, when you are absolutely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin. When this 52 , the muscles become very hard and you find you 53  at all. You are then paralyzed (使无能为力) with fear. This is 54 when we are very frightened, we sometimes say we’re “petrified”. This word comes from the Greek word “petros”, which means “stone”. We are 55  frightened that we become stonelike.

36. A. how           B. neither         C. whether        D. either

37. A. brave         B. real            C. hard             D. certain

38. A. when         B. until              C. after             D. once

39. A. realize             B. find              C. think             D. agree

40. A. life                    B. question       C. mouse         D. danger

41. A. soldiers            B. mice              C. heroes         D. cowards

42. A. useful              B. brave         C. nervous         D. terrible

43. A. So                 B. Therefore        C. Then            D. Actually

44. A. fresh              B. poisonous       C. warm            D. ice-cold

45. A. nervous              B. calm             C. frightened      D. excited

46. A. went                  B. helped        C. spoke            D. swam

47. A. in                     B. under         C. above            D. from

48. A. an accident     B. a mistake            C. seventy-eight    D. seventy-nine

49. A. dangerous           B. comfortable      C. different        D. favorable

50. A. With               B. Without             C. For             D. Like

51. A. afraid              B. unable        C. ready            D. anxious

52. A. gets             B. disappears       C. happens             D. goes

53. A. needn’t            B. can’t              C. mustn’t         D. shouldn’t

54. A. where                 B. how              C. because         D. why

55. A. really              B. very              C. such             D. so

单项选择题