问题 填空题

经常对所学知识进行总结和归纳,是学习的一种重要手段.请你根据下列知识的总结和归纳,按要求填空或举例:

(1)氮元素和氧元素所属元素种类不同,是因为其原子核内质子数不同;H2和O2的化学性质不同,是因为氢原子和氧原子的最外层电子数不同;红磷和白磷的物理性质不同,是因为红磷和白磷中磷原子的______不同.

(2)下列各组物质间均有一定的规律(如所含元素种类相同):氧气(O2)和臭氧(O3);红磷和白磷;氧化亚铁(FeO)和四氧化三铁(Fe3O4);二氧化硫(SO2)和三氧化硫(SO3).请按此规律再举一例(写名称或化学式均可):______;

(3)初中化学中有许多有趣的“化学之最”,如:空气中含量最多的气体是氮气;地壳中含量最多的元素是氧元素;相同条件下,密度最小的气体是氢气.请从教材第五章“碳和碳的化合物”的相关内容中再举一例:______.

答案

(1)红磷和白磷中磷原子的排列方式不同,决定了红磷和白磷的物理性质不同.

(2)根据示例写出符合要求的两种物质,如金刚石和石墨都是由碳元素组成的,(或CO和CO2都是由碳元素和氧元素组成的等等,NO和NO2、都是由氮元素和氧元素组成)

(3)在碳和碳的化合物中有关化学之最的有组成物质种类最多的元素是碳元素(或金刚石是自然界中硬度最大的物质、CH4是最简单的有机物等)

故答案为:(1)排列方式

(2)金刚石和石墨(或CO和CO2、NO和NO2

(3)组成物质种类最多的元素是碳元素(或金刚石是自然界中硬度最大的物质、CH4是最简单的有机物等)

阅读理解

阅读短文,选择正确答案。

                                                            

      FIFTEEN YEAR-OLD Liu Xuyang said he has more than 30 pairs of shoes. But some are old. He doesn't

want them any more.

     Where should these old shoes go? To the garbage or to be recycled?

     This is how Liu began to care about old shoes. He shared his thoughts with his classmates at Beijing No. 35

Middle School, Luo Hao and Yang Mengwei. The three then decided to do some research. They found out that

old shoes can pollute the environment if not recycled properly. Earlier this month,their research paper won

second prize in the Beijing Youth Science and Invention Competition.

     The three first spent two weeks designing a questionnaire on how people deal with old shoes and how the

shoes are treated. They gave over 100 questionnaires to the public, to shoemakers, garbage stations and

recycling stations.

     Doing the survey, They found that on average (平均), a family throws away 5.17 pairs of shoes each year.

That means millions of old shoes are thrown away a year around the country.

     However, most old shoes are not treated properly,according to the students. 

     "Usually, the old shoes are just burnt or buried (填埋) with other garbage," said Luo.

     Most of the shoes are made of chemical materials. If they are burnt or buried,they can give off gas (气) or

other things that pollute the air and rivers,said the students.

     They suggest there should be big boxes in cities for people to put old shoes in. The shoes could then be taken

to recycling stations to be treated.

     On the other hand, the shoemakers, said the students, could use more environment-friendly material to make

shoes.

1.Liu Xuyang              . [ ]

A.has fifteen pairs of old shoes

B.has more than thirty pairs of old shoes

C.has more than thirty classmates in his class

D.is a student of No. 35 Middle School in Beijing

2.Liu Xuyang began to care about the old shoes              .[ ]

A.because he decided to do some research

B.when he wanted to throw away his old shoes

C.because his thirty pairs of shoes were all very old

D.when he sent the shoes to the recycling factory

3.What does the word "questionnaire" mean in the underlined sentence? [ ]

A.A station to deal with the waste materials.

B.A recycling station to treat the old shoes.

C.An office to deal with the problems of old shoes.

D.A list of questions to be answered by a group of people.

4.How did the three students begin their research? [ ]

A.They designed a questionnaire first.

B.They wrote a research paper about the old shoes.

C.They gave out the questionnaires and won a prize.

D.They visited many shoemakers, trash and recycling stations.

5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? [ ]

A.More recycling stations should be built around the country.

B.Old shoes will pollute the environment if not recycled properly.

C.The students' survey shows millions of old shoes are thrown away each year.

D.The students suggest that environment-friendly material should be used to make shoes.

单项选择题