问题 问答题

(1)下图是初中化学学习中的常见装置,请按要求回答下面问题:

①利用上述装置的组合可以制取的气体有______,写出其中一种气体制备的化学反应原理______.

②有的同学认为装置E可以代替装置B、C、D收集气体,欲收集具备下面性质的气体,应如何使用装置E?

比空气重的气体:______;

收集难溶性气体:______.

③装置E还具有其他用途,请举一例说明:______.

(2)小明同学在使用“除垢净”去除热水瓶中的水垢时,发现有大量的气泡产生.联想水垢的主要成分是碳酸钙,小明猜想“除垢净”的成分中可能有酸.

①为证实自己的猜想,小明从家中又找来两类不同的物质进行实验:

实验一:______;

实验二:______.

经实验,小明得出“除垢净”的有效成分中一定有酸的结论.

②小明想试制一瓶“除垢净”,你认为HCl、H2SO4两种酸中的______更合适,理由是______.

③结合上面对“除垢净”的了解,在使用“除垢净”时应注意______.

答案

(1)①氢气、二氧化碳(或H2、CO2)[或氢气、二氧化碳、氧气(或H2、CO2、O2)]

Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2↑(或CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+CO2↑+H2O或

2H2O2

催化剂
.
2H2O+O2↑)

说明:本小题第一空答出上面两答案中的任一个均可得满分,其他答案不予得分.第二空可根据第一空答案,相应正确的化学反应方程式均可得分.

②装置E正放,气体由a端进入(或倒放,气体由b端进入)

装置E充满水后正放,气体由b端进入(充满水后倒放,气体由a端进入)

说明:本题从不同的角度,答出上面正确答案中的任一个即可得分.

③洗气(或干燥气体、除去某些气体中的杂质等)

说明:本小题答案较多,其他合理答案均可按标准给分.

(2)①实验一:将废锌皮(或铁钉等)放入除垢净中,有气体出现且该气体能够燃烧

实验二:将生锈铁钉放入到除垢净中,铁锈消失且溶液颜色逐步变为黄色

实验三:用植物色素(如花瓣汁液等)加入到除垢净中,植物色素出现颜色的变化

说明:本题选取物质的种类不同,答案有所不同,其他合理答案均可按标准给分.

②盐酸

硫酸与水垢反应生成微溶的硫酸钙,除垢不彻底(或盐酸是胃液的成分之一,使用盐酸配制“除垢净”更安全)

说明:本小题第二空中其他合理答案也可得分.

③去除铝壶中的水垢时,应控制水“除垢净”的浓度,(或不要滴到手上或衣服上、防止腐蚀、除垢后要将“除垢净”冲洗干净等)

说明:本题从不同角度给出其他合理答案也可得分.

选择题
单项选择题

Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to learn that system. They are thereby shut (1) from the world of books and newspapers, having to (2) on friends to read aloud to them.

A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer which is a major (3) in providing aid to the (4) .His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that (5) any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like (6) through a speaker. By pressing the appropriate buttons (7) Cyclops’s keyboard, a blind person can "read" any (8) document in the English language.

This remarkable invention represents a tremendous (9) forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs $ 50,000. (10) , Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing a smaller (11) improved version that will sell (12) less than half that price. Within a few years, Kurzweil (13) the price range will be low enough for every school and library to (14) one. Michael Hingson, Director of the National Federation for the Blind, hopes that (15) will be able to buy home (16) of Cyclops for the price of a good television set.

Mr. Hingson’s organization purchased five machines and is now testing them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people have been (17) in those tests, making lots of (18) suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce Cyclops.

"This is the first time that blind people have ever done individual studies (19) a product was put on the market," Hingson said. "Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that (20) , the manufacturers have been the blind ones.

1()

A.up

B.down

C.in

D.off