问题 单项选择题 A1型题

杀灭外环境中一切微生物包括细菌芽胞的物理、化学方法称为()

A.灭菌

B.消毒

C.高水平消毒

D.中水平消毒

E.低水平消毒

答案

参考答案:A

解析:灭菌是彻底地杀灭环境中一切致病和非致病微生物,包括芽胞。消毒是指杀灭环境中的病原微生物,不能杀灭芽胞。高水平消毒指使用高效消毒剂,在未达到灭菌剂量的条件下(即用某一高效消毒剂的灭菌浓度,但作用时间比灭菌所用者短),可达到杀灭除了一些高抗力的细菌芽胞以外的所有微生物,此消毒剂量虽不能完全杀灭所有的细菌芽胞,但可杀灭细菌繁殖体(包括结核分枝杆菌)、真菌和亲水性病毒(如脊髓灰质炎病毒)等致病微生物。中水平消毒是可以杀灭和去除细菌芽胞以外的各种病原微生物的消毒方法,包括使用超声波、碘类消毒剂(碘伏、碘酊等)、醇类和氯己定的复方,醇类和季铵盐(包括双链季铵盐)类化合物的复方、酚类等消毒剂进行消毒的方法。低水平消毒包括只能杀灭细菌繁殖体(分枝杆菌除外)、亲脂病毒的化学消毒法和通风换气、冲洗等机械除菌法。如单链季铵盐类消毒剂(苯扎溴铵等)、双胍类消毒剂如氯己定、植物类消毒剂和汞、银、铜等金属离子消毒剂等。故选A。【考点】:灭菌的概念

多项选择题
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A university is not just about careers and getting a well-paid job after graduation — it’s a place for learning about yourself and the world.

So how to select a suitable university is of great importance. How do you decide on a school when there are thousands of them to pick from? Start by asking yourself questions about your preferences:

What are my strengths?

1.Am I interested in liberal arts or science or business?

2.What kind of learning environment is best for me?

3.Would I be more comfortable in a small school or a large one?

4.Do I want to stay close to home or live far away?

5.Would I prefer to be in a city environment or a small college town?

6.Do I like being with people who are mostly like me or do I want to meet a different group?

Ask friends and older people who are in college about their schools and about other schools they’re familiar with. Talk to one of your teachers and go to college fairs when they visit your town.

Once you’ve narrowed down your choices, ask the schools to send you related materials and visit their websites. When you’ve cut your list down to a manageable number, make arrangements to visit. Try to do this when the schools are having regular classes, so you can get a good idea of what life is really like on campus.

And remember: you’re not the only one making a decision. Schools are picking from a large pool of students. They want to know how excellent you are and what makes you stand out from everyone else. They will look at your school performance, test scores, and so on, so it’s important to devote time and effort to all these things.

小题1: According to the passage, when deciding on a college you need NOT consider ______.

A.in which aspect you are superior to others

B.what kind of people you’d like to meet

C.what kind of college environment you like

D.whether the college has an exchange-student program小题2: When you have got a manageable number of choices, you’d better _______.

A.visit the schools when they have regular classes

B.ask the schools to send you related materials

C.go to college fairs with your friends

D.discuss them with your teachers小题3:The underlined part in the last paragraph means that ______.

A.you can’t make the decision all by yourself

B.schools are also judging whether you’re qualified for them

C.your school grades often play a role in choosing a college

D.making a decision all by yourself is really hard