问题 问答题

(7分)氯化氢气体的物理性质:无色、有刺激性气味,极易溶于水。

使用右图装置进行实验时,若集气瓶中装有HCl气体,将滴管中的液体滴加到集气瓶中,发现气球鼓起来。

①小明的滴管里装的是水,请说明气球鼓起来的原因是           

②小方的滴管里装了碱或碱性溶液           ,相关的化学方程式为            

③小丽思考后发现,滴管中的物质除了碱或碱性溶液外,还可能是          溶液。其化学反应的方程式为                        

答案

(7分)①HCl气体极易溶于水,使圆底烧瓶内压强小于瓶外压强

② NaOH溶液  NaOH+HCl==NaCl+H2O (其它合理答案给分)

③硝酸银(或AgNO3);AgNO3+HCl==AgCl↓+HNO3

【说明:如写成Na2CO3+2HCl==2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑,因是气体体积缩小的反应,给分】

分析:可根据气球膨胀物理原因结合氯化氢的性质进行分析解答.

将滴管中的液体滴加到集气瓶中,发现气球鼓起来.所选液体应该与氯化氢气体反应,造成容器内气体减少,使圆底烧瓶内压强小于瓶外压强,外界气体进入气球,气球膨胀.

解答:解:

①因为氯化氢极易溶于水,使圆底烧瓶内气体压强减小,外界大气进入气球.故答案为:HCl气体极易溶于水,使圆底烧瓶内压强小于瓶外压强

②因为碱或碱性溶于都可以氯化氢反应,使圆底烧瓶内压强减小,所以可以选氢氧化钠溶液或者碳酸钠溶液等.

故答案为:NaOH溶液;NaOH+HCl═NaCl+H2O

③除了碱以外还有盐,如硝酸银溶液也可和盐酸反应,使瓶内压强减小.

故答案为:硝酸银(或AgNO3);AgNO3+HCl═AgCl↓+HNO3

写作题
完形填空。

    It was almost 9:00 p. m. When Mia Janson left her office to go home,it was 1.She started her car
and she 2 down the dark road that led to her house in the country.She 3 the radio and  sang songs while
she was driving.The heater (暖气机)wasn’t working,and singing helped to keep her 4.    
    The snow was heavy,Then Mia went across a small 5 .The bridge was covered with ice and the car
went out of control(失去控制). Mia hit her head on the steering wheel and lost consciousness(知觉).     When she    6,her head was bleeding(流血),and she was shaking from the cold. She didn't know
7 she was. Mia opened her car door and looked around. She was under the bridge,and her car was
sitting on the 8 rilver! She felt very 9 . She knew the ice wouldn't 10 her car for very long. She  11 to
walk up the hill several times,but she kept fa1ling in the snow. Mia tried 12 time. She
fell again,but this time she couldn’t get up.She knew that 13 could see her car under the bridge.She was
lying in the snow,and she couldn't 14 . Mia closed her eyes and 15 die.    
    Then she heard a voice. Mia opened her eyes. There was an old man standing over her. She stood up
and walked up with the help of the old man. “That’s my truck,”said the old man. “Get in and I’ll take
you home. ”

(    )1. A. raining  
(    )2. A. ran      
(    )3. A. turned on
(    )4. A. happy    
(    )5. A. bridge  
(    )6. A. got up  
(    )7. A. how      
(    )8. A. deep    
(    )9. A. angry    
(    )10. A. keep    
(    )11. A. tried    
(    )12. A. one      
(    )13. A. someone  
(    )14. A. feel    
(    )15. A. waited to

B. coo1      
B. drove    
B. turned ove
B. not alone
B. village  
B. came back
B. what      
B. frozen    
B. sad      
B. pull      
B. wanted    
B. one more  
B.anyone    
B. hear      
B. had to    

C. snowing    
C. walked    
C.turned oft  
C. warm      
C. town      
C. looked up  
C. why        
C. wide      
C. surprised  
C. take      
C. would like
C. other      
C. everyone  
C. move      
C. was able to
D. late      
D. rode      
D. turned down
D. not lonely
D. farm      
D. woke up    
D. where      
D. cold      
D. afraid    
D. hold      
D.seemed      
D. the other  
D. no one    
D. go        
D. decided to
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