问题 问答题

(6分) 化学活动小组的同学用下图所示装置进行实验(装置的气密性良好):先关闭止水夹,将足量氢氧化钠溶液滴入锥形瓶中,充分反应后,再打开止水夹。

⑴锥形瓶中能观察到的现象是      

⑵根据上述现象,能否得出“二氧化碳与氢氧化钠能反应”的结论?为什么?

⑶设计实验方案,探究反应后锥形瓶内溶液中溶质成份的几种可能情况,填写下表。

答案

⑴澄清石灰水倒流使溶液变浑 ⑵不能;可能是二氧化碳溶于氢氧化钠溶液中,也会有这样的现象

分析:(1)根据二氧化碳和氢氧化钙的性质来判断反应现象;

(2)根据二氧化碳可以溶于水的性质来判断解答;

(3)根据根据所加入的物质及它们的反应可以判断出可能存在的物质,但是碳酸钠和氢氧化钙不可能同时存在,可以据此设计实验并验证.

解答:解:(1)二氧化碳可以和氢氧化钠反应,所以将氢氧化钠溶液滴入二氧化碳中,由于消耗了二氧化碳而使锥形瓶中气体压强变小,从而使试管中的石灰水进入锥形瓶,氢氧化钙溶液可以和二氧化碳或是碳酸钠反应生成碳酸钙沉淀,所以锥形瓶中的溶液要变浑浊;

(2)仅凭(1)中的现象不足以说明氢氧化钠溶液和二氧化碳发生了反应,因为氢氧化钠溶液中的溶剂为水,

二氧化碳可以溶于水也会使锥形瓶中压强变小,且二氧化碳也能够使石灰水变浑浊,而产生(1)中现象;

(3)根据二氧化碳、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙的化学性质,同时由于加入的氢氧化钠是足量的,所以可以判断在该溶液中溶质一定有氢氧化钠,可能存在的溶质为碳酸钠、氢氧化钙中的一种,注意碳酸钠和氢氧化钙不可能同时存在,因为碳酸钠可以和氢氧化钙发生反应生成碳酸钙和氢氧化钠,故可以根据它们的性质来设计实验加以验证;

故答案为:(1)澄清石灰水倒流入锥形瓶中,锥形瓶中溶液变浑;

(2)不能;因为也可能是二氧化碳和水反应生成碳酸,而使石灰水倒吸入试管,碳酸和石灰水反应生成了白色沉淀;(3)

实验操作预期的现象和结论
取少量反应后的上层清液两份于两支试管中,分别加入少量澄清石灰水和碳酸钠溶液若加入石灰水后有沉淀则反应后的溶质是氢氧化钠和碳酸钠;若加入碳酸钠后有沉淀则反应后的溶质是氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙;若加入二者均无明显现象,则溶质为氢氧化钠
点评:熟练掌握常见的碱的性质,能够根据碱的性质设计实验对它们进行鉴别,注意在设计实验时必须具备的三个要素:操作、现象、结论.

完形填空
完形填空
     Our family finally managed to get together, but in a few days we scattered again to the ends of the
earth ,and I will begin my new job in a new city. My family has never been   1  in this way. When I think
about the    2   future, my heart felt grayish.
     When I   3    in the morning, it was raining outside and the sky was as   4    as my mood. My daughter   5 the new skirt that her uncle bought and she flew around the departure hall in the   6  and drew a small
and beautiful picture in the dim crowd.
    The airplane had a good   7  of newspapers, magazines, television programmes, food and drinks. The
meal even   8  a serving of Haagen-Dazs ice cream. This small present brightened me up   9  . The gentle
smile of the stewardess (空姐) was as beautiful as the   10    after the rain.
     When I  11 the airplane, the language that entered my   12  was completely different from what I was 
 13    three hours ago. Although the street lights were as  14  as Allentown's, the different clothes and
expressions of the people   15  me that I am in a new world. I stood in the busy streets like Alice   16 
the world in a fairy tale. My heart was   17    with puzzlement about the indefinite future and longing for
the new life. When I   18    being able to do what I like once more ,that I will make new  19  and that I
can enjoy the fun of exploration, I could not   20  to think about starting my new life.
( )1. A. separated
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( )4. A. clear    
( )5. A. dressed    
( )6. A. station      
( )7. A. offer        
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( )10. A. rainbow
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( )14. A. long      
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( )17. A. full      
( )18. A. set about    
( )19. A. friends    
( )20. A. wait    
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B. number   
B. contained      
B. especially    
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B. eyes          
B. learning      
B. well        
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B. travelling    
B. filled        
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B. enemies      
B. help          
C. divided        
C. uncertain      
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C. liked          
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D. flower            
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D. ears              
D. listening        
D. many              
D. explained        
D. exploring        
D. pleased          
D. thought about    
D. progress          
D. afford            
综合题