问题 论述题

(23分)“城镇化”、“老有所养”等成为经济社会发展中的热门话题

材料一  有专家强调,城镇化不是一个简单的城市人口比例和面积的扩张。城镇化的核心是人的城镇化。加快农民的市民化进程,不仅要让农民进城“进得来、留得下、有尊严”,而且要推动农民实现“职业上从农业到非农业、地域上从农村到城镇、身份上从农民到市民”的转换。

(1)运用劳动和就业知识回答,如何促进农民就业?(9分)

材料二 古话说:老有所养,老有所依。随着电视剧《老有所依》的热播,引发了人们对人口老龄化,养老服务需求的关注和热评。晓涛一家就此发表看法。

注:居家养老是指老人居住在家,由社区等为他们提供养老服务;机构养老是指在福利院、养老院、老年公寓等机构养老。

(2)运用生产、劳动与经营的知识,说明我国大力发展养老服务业的经济意义。(6分)

(3)运用“探索世界与追求真理”的知识,结合材料回答应如何解决我国的养老问题? (8分)

答案

(1)①政府:贯彻落实以人为本的科学发展观,统筹城乡发展、区域发展,形成城乡经济社会一体化发展新格局;完善法律法规,平等地为他们提供就业、居住、子女教育、医疗保险等保障和服务;支持、引导非公有制经济发展,大力发展第三产业积极推进城镇;着力解决进城农民的就业、收入等民生问题等。(4分)

②农民:要积极转变就业观念,树立正确的择业观;努力提高自身素质,转变角色,主动融人到城市中;增强权利意识和法律意识,依法维护自身合法权益等。(3分)

③企业:诚信经营,自觉承担社会责任,切实保障农民工的合法权益。(2分)

(2)①有利于拉动消费,扩大内需,带动相关行业的发展。

②有利于扩大就业规模,解决就业问题。

③有利于转变经济发展方式,调整和优化产业结构,促进经济发展。

④有利于全面建成小康社会,推进经济社会持续健康发展。

⑤是贯彻落实科学发展观、坚持以人为本的具体体现。(6分)

(3)①物质决定意识。解决养老问题必须立足国情,从当前的实际出发,实事求是,既要传承我国优秀的养老传统,又不能照搬西方经验。(2分)

②规律具有普遍性和客观性,解决养老问题必须按客观规律办事,发展养老服务业,统筹发展多种形式的养老。(2分)

③意识具有能动性,对物质具有反作用。解决养老问题必须发挥主观能动性,解放思想,与时俱进,学习西方养老的经验,不能固守传统养老模式。(2分)

④实践是认识的基础。解决养老问题必须立足实践,在实践中检验和发展认识。(2分)

题目分析:该题考查生产、劳动与经营、探索世界与追求真理等知识点;

第(1)问:本问考查经济生活知识点,角度是“劳动和就业”,措施类试题,考生通过回忆教材知识点,通过对材料的分析,考生可以从国家(科学发展观、完善法律法规、支持、引导非公有制经济发展、大力发展第三产业)、企业(诚信经营,自觉承担社会责任)、劳动者(转变就业观念,树立正确的择业观;努力提高自身素质)的角度进行分析。

第(2)问:本问角度比较明确,考查的角度是“生产、劳动与经营”,属于意义类主观题,关键词是“发展养老服务业”,考生可以从对消费、就业以及企业经营的角度分析其意义,具体包括拉动消费,扩大内需、增加就业、企业转方式调结构等角度作答。

第(3)问:本问考查的角度是“探索世界与追求真理”,即唯物论与认识论的角度,考生首先需要回忆关于“探索世界与追求真理”的知识点,唯物论主要有物质、意识、规律等知识点,认识论主要包括实践、认识、真理等知识点,然后考生再结合材料选择相对应的原理进行作答。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)。

     Even if you really enjoy your job, it's still possible to battle boredom as you work. You may not be able to

make big changes-or change your job-but you can make small adjustments to your routine that can make every

day seem, well, a little less routine.

     1. Switch Your Seat

     Change your outlook at the office by changing your office. Ask your supervisor to help you find a new desk.

Even switching desks with a neighboring co-worker can offer a fresh atmosphere.

     If it's not possible to change your location, see if you can change your desk's direction. A new view can be

just as refreshing as a new location.

     2. _____

     Start and end your day in a different way. Consider a new mode of transportation, if it's possible. Take a

subway. Ride a bike on sun- ny days. Carpool with a co-worker. Use a new route to get to your job. You needn't

change it for ever-just long enough to help you escape the boredom.

     3. Find a New Work Style

     Sick of attending that long-standing Monday morning meeting? Try to change it to the afternoon.

     If you find yourself feeling most bored in the afternoons, try to arrange to do your favorite tasks then and

tackle less desirable projects in the mornings.

     If you usually communicate with co-workers via email and instant messaging, start dealing with people face

to face. Increased communication with co-workers may help improve your mood.

     4. Get and Set a Goal

     If your work is short of objectives, it's no wonder that work has become boring. Identify a goal and set an

"achieve by" date for it.

     Your goal needn't be lofty as long as you have sufficient enthusiasm for it. Perhaps you want to make a new

project. Maybe you'd like to pursue a promotion. Or you may even set a goal of finding a new job altogether.

Whatever it is, actively move toward an objective.

1. What is the purpose of the passage? (within 15 words)

    _____________________________________________________________________

2. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?

     You will feel bored when you are not working towards something. 

    _____________________________________________________________________

3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (within 8 words). 

    _____________________________________________________________________

4. List three methods of escaping from boredom in your daily life. (within 5 words for each) 

    _____________________________________________________________________

5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.

    ①_____________________________________________________________________

    ②_____________________________________________________________________

    ③_____________________________________________________________________