问题 问答题

联系幼儿园实际,谈谈结构游戏的指导要点。

答案

参考答案:(1)丰富并加深幼儿对物体和建筑物的印象儿童对周围生活中的物体和建筑物有较细致的了解,有丰富而深刻的印象。这是开展结构游戏的基础。只有使幼儿有明确的印象,建构活动才能丰富、充实。要获得对物体结构的深刻认识,主要依靠直接的观察。因此,在日常生活和教育活动中,应经常引导幼儿对多种多样的物体及建筑物进行细致的观察,引导幼儿认识物体各部分的形状和结构特征、色泽特点及各部分名称,抓住外形特征。也可让幼儿观察有关的玩具图片、照片等,以补充直接观察的不足。(2)为幼儿提供结构游戏的材料、时间和场地结构材料是结构游戏的物质基础,成人要为幼儿准备各种类型的结构材料。除了购买现成的材料以外,还有一些自然界的原材料及生活中的各种安全卫生的废旧物品或材料,都可作为结构游戏的材料。(3)针对各年龄班幼儿的水平,帮助幼儿掌握结构的基本知识和技能幼儿只有在掌握一定的建造知识和技能的基础上,才能独立地进行结构游戏,也只有掌握必需的结构知识和技能,才能使幼儿的创造性和主动性在游戏中得以充分地体现。因为受结构知识和技能的限制,幼儿的想象力、创造性和主动性往往不能自如地得以表现和发挥。为此,教师要通过示范、范例、讲解、建议、提醒及幼儿自己的练习,让幼儿掌握与其发展水平相适应的结构知识技能。同样,幼儿相互间的模仿、评价也可提高其构造技能。(4)培养儿童正确对待结构材料和建构成果结构材料是结构游戏的基础。因此,教师不仅要提供适宜的充分的结构材料,同时也要教育儿童爱护。结构材料不仅是开展结构游戏的条件,也有利于用它来培养幼儿爱护公物和爱整洁、节俭的良好品德。为此,要培养幼儿爱护结构材料,轻拿轻放,有顺序地收放结构材料,整齐地放在固定的地方,并要逐步培养幼儿独立地收拾材料的习惯。(5)在结构游戏中,针对幼儿的发展水平培养建构活动的目的性和坚持性结构游戏的目的不仅支配幼儿的游戏,也是评价其游戏水平的依据。由于身心发展水平和所受教育影响的不同,每个儿童结构游戏的经验能为不同,不同年龄幼儿游戏的目的性也不同。为此,教师应有针对性地培养幼儿的结构游戏的目的性。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Too many people wander through life like sleepwalkers.Each day they follow familiar routines,never asking,“What am I doing with my life?’’and they don’t know what they’re doing because they lack goals.

Goal-setting is a focusing of the will to move in a certain direction.Begin with a clear conception of what you want.Write down your goals and date them—putting them into words clarifies them.Rather than concentrating on objects to acquire and possess,focus on fulfilling your desires to do,to produce,to contribute—goal-setting that yields the true sense of satisfaction we all need.

It’s important to visualize(想象)yourself accomplishing your goal.While losers visualize the penalties(不利)of failure,winners visualize the rewards of success.I’ve seen it among athletes,statistics contrasting air and highway safety,but it made no difference.I had read too many articles describing crash scenes and imagined these scenes vividly.I had programmed myself,without realizing it,to stay off planes.

Then one summer I had the opportunity to fly on a private plane with friends to a resort;I didn’t want to miss out on a great vacation.So I spent two weeks imagining a smooth flight on a beautiful sunny day and an easy landing.

When the day arrived,I was eager to go.To everyone’s surprise,I got on the plane and I loved every minute of it,and I still use the techniques I employed that day.

小题1:According to the passage,if you want to be successful,the first thing for you to do is         .

A.find the right methods

B.be careful about everything

C.know your ability

D.have a clear goal小题2:If you have a target,you will         .

A.wander like a sleepwalker

B.know well what you are doing

C.do the same work every day

D.put it into words小题3:The problem with the author before he overcame his fear of air travel is that         .

A.he didn’t know air travel is safer than highway travel

B.he couldn’t imagine himself accomplishing his goal

C.he read too much about plane crashes and tried to avoid flying

D.he wanted to take a private plane instead of a public one小题4:What would be the best title for this passage?

A.Define Your Coal

B.Visualize Rewards of Success

C.Overcome The Fear of Air Travel

D.Sleepwalking Through Life