问题 论述题

材料一 : 国家工信部等部委发布的《中小企业划型标准规定》首次从中小企业中划分出微型企业类别,将微型工业企业界定位20人以下或营业收入300万元以下的工业企业。2012年,全国各地政府出台相应政策措施向微型企业倾斜,鼓励一些发展比较好的个体工商户转登为企业,以使其享受相应的政策优惠。

材料二 : 某省有关部门统计数据显示:2013年该省以中小企业为主的私营企业达90多万户,新增10多万户,个体工商户近300万户,新增30多万户;规模以上小型工业企业完成增加值5000多亿元,同比增加20%;以中小企业为主的民营经济完成投资4000多亿。

(1)结合材料一,分析材料中《中小企业划型标准规定》的变化以及相应政策的调整有什么经济意义? (9分)

(2)根据国家政策调整和中小企业发展状况,有人得出这样的结论:中小企业的发展主要依靠国家政策支持,这对其他的企业来讲是不公平的。你是否同意这一观点?请用相关知识分析说明。(9分)

答案

(1)①这种划分及调整,有利于社会资源的合理配置和有效利用,会促进个体经济和私营经济的发展。(3分) ②个体经济和私营经济的发展有利于发展商品生产、促进商品流通、扩大就业、增加劳动者收入和增加国家的税收。(3分)③有利于促进经济结构调整和全社会生产力发展水平的进一步提高,增强国家的综合经济实力。(3分)

(2)①我国实行公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度,要毫不动摇的鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济的发展。(3分)②以中小企业为主的非公有制经济,是我国经济结构中的重要的组成部分,在经济生活中发挥着重要作用。中小企业得到政府的政策支持,有利于形成多种所有制经济平等竞争、相互促进的新格局,并不违背国家相关规定,也不会损害公平竞争。(3分)③中小企业的发展从根本上讲还是靠企业自身,它们要不断提高产品的质量和科技含量,生产适销对路的产品;坚持诚信经营,依靠科技和科学管理的手段不断地提高自主创新能力等。(3分)

题目分析:本题第一问要求结合材料一,分析材料中《中小企业划型标准规定》的变化以及相应政策的调整的经济意义,本题属于意义类的主观题,我们可以从三个层次去作答,一是会促进个体经济和私营经济的发展。二是非公有制经济的意义,三是对整个社会和国家发展的意义。这是按照由近及远的顺序去组织答案。

本题第二问要求根据国家政策调整和中小企业发展状况,有人得出这样的结论:中小企业的发展主要依靠国家政策支持,这对其他的企业来讲是不公平的。请用相关知识评析。本题属于评析类的题目,要一分为二分析,首先可亮明观点,不同意,其次,可以回答理论依据,我国的基本经济制度,再次可以回答意义,有利于形成多种所有制经济平等竞争、相互促进的新格局,最后,可以顺着设问的观点回答,中小企业的发展从根本上讲还是靠企业自身,它们要不断提高产品的质量和科技含量,生产适销对路的产品;坚持诚信经营,依靠科技和科学管理的手段不断地提高自主创新能力等,不能主要依靠国家。这是自觉运用内外因的辩证关系原理来来指导我们做题。

名词解释
单项选择题

Starting with his review of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholinguists who argue that man has developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages. Experience and learning then provide only information about the (1) instances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular language (2) .

This linguistic approach (3) the view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), but (4) rules that enable a speaker to (5) an infinite variety of novel sentences. (6) single words are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one (7) with the particular thing signified, but (8) all members of a general class.

This view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readily (9) into existing psychological frameworks and (10) a challenge that has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles "intrinsic (原有的) to the mind" that provide invariant structures (11) perceiving, learning and thinking. Language (12) all of these processes; thus its study (13) our theories of knowledge in general.

Basic to this model of language is the notion that a child’s learning of language is a kind of theory (14) . It’s thought to be accomplished (15) explicit instruction, (16) of intelligence level, at an early age when he is not capable of other complex (17) or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. (18) , the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broad (19) power. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theory (20) it not for the innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.

6()

A.Yet

B.Even

C.Still

D.Likewise