问题 问答题

如图(a)所示,在坐标平面xOy内存在磁感应强度为B=2T的匀强磁场,OA与OCA为置于竖直平面内的光滑金属导轨,其中OCA满足曲线方程x=0.5sin(

π
3
y)m,C为导轨的最右端,导轨OA与OCA相交处的O点和A点分别接有体积可忽略的定值电阻R1和R2,其中R1=4Ω、R2=12Ω.现有一质量为m=0.1kg的足够长的金属棒MN在竖直向上的外力F作用下,以v=3m/s的速度向上匀速运动,设棒与两导轨接触良好,除电阻R1、R2外其余电阻不计,g取10m/s2,求:

(1)金属棒MN在导轨上运动时感应电动势的最大值;

(2)请在图(b)中画出金属棒MN中的感应电流I随时间t变化的关系图象;

(3)当金属棒MN运动到y=2.5m处时,外力F的大小;

(4)若金属棒MN从y=0处,在不受外力的情况下,以初速度v=6m/s向上运动,当到达y=1.5m处时,电阻R1的瞬时电功率为P1=0.9W,在该过程中,金属棒克服安培力所做的功.

答案

(1)当金属棒MN匀速运动到C点时,电路中感应电动势最大

金属棒MN接入电路的有效长度为导轨OCA形状满足的曲线方程中的x值.

因此接入电路的金属棒的有效长度为L=x=0.5sin

π
3
y

则有.Lm=xm=0.5m

感应电动势,Em=BLmv      

解得:Em=3.0V

(2)闭合电路欧姆定律,Im=

Em
R

R=

R1R2
R1+R2
=3Ω,

解得:Im=1.0A,

如图所示,

(3)金属棒MN匀速运动中受重力mg、安培力F、外力F作用

当y=2.5m时,x=0.5sin

6
=0.25m

受力平衡,F=F+mg=BIL+mg=

B2x2v
R
+mg=1.25N

(4)当y=1.5m时,x=0.5sin

π
2
=0.5m

此时P1=0.9W,所以P=

R1+R2
R2
P1=1.2W

P=Fv=

B2x2vt2
R
=1.2W     

得此时vt2=3.6(m/s)2

选取从y=0处到达y=1.5m处时,根据动能定理,则有:W=

1
2
m
v20
-
1
2
m
v2t

解得:W=1.62J

答:(1)金属棒MN在导轨上运动时感应电动势的最大值为3V;

(2)请在图(b)中画出金属棒MN中的感应电流I随时间t变化的关系图象如图所示;

(3)当金属棒MN运动到y=2.5m处时,外力F的大小为1.25N;

(4)若金属棒MN从y=0处,在不受外力的情况下,以初速度v=6m/s向上运动,当到达y=1.5m处时,电阻R1的瞬时电功率为P1=0.9W,在该过程中,金属棒克服安培力所做的功为1.62J.

阅读理解

Life in the future will be different from life today. Between then and now many changes will happen.But what will the changes be?

The population (人口) is growing fast.There will be many people in the world and most of them will live longer than people live now.

Computers will be much smaller and more useful, and there will be at least (至少) one in every room. And computer studies will be one of the important subjects in schools then. People will work fewer hours than they do now and they will have more free time for sports, watching TV and travel.Traveling will be much cheaper and easier. And many more people will go to other countries for holidays.

There will be changes in our food, too. More land will be used for building new towns and houses for all the people. Then there will be less room for cows and sheep, so meat will be more expensive. Maybe no one will eat it every day. Instead they will eat more fruit and vegetables. Maybe people will be healthier. Work in the future will be different, too. Robots will do dangerous and hard work. Because of this, many people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem.

小题1:In the future there will be _______.

A.much more fruit

B.more people

C.less vegetables

D.less people小题2:Every family will have at least a _______ in the future.

A.robot

B.cow

C.TV set

D.computer小题3:In the future people don’t have to _______

A.work long hours

B.work fast

C.walk on foot

D.eat meat小题4:People may not eat _______ as much as they do today.

A.fruit

B.fish

C.meat

D.rice小题5:One big problem in the future is that ________.

A.many people don’t have to work

B.many people will not be able to find work

C.people have to work fast

D.all the work will be done by robots

单项选择题 A2型题