问题 实验题

小明用凸透镜、蜡烛、光屏和刻度尺等器材探究凸透镜成像规律.

(1)如图所示,为了测出凸透镜的焦距,小明同学将凸透镜正对着太阳光,再把光屏放在它的另一侧,改变凸透镜与光屏的距离,直到光屏上出现一个    的光斑,就可以测出该凸透镜的焦距为    cm.

(2)小明将烛焰、凸透镜和光屏的中心调节到同一高度后,在水平桌面上无论怎样移动光屏,都不能承接到烛焰的像,原因可能是     .

(3)实验一段时间后,蜡烛变短了,要使烛焰的像仍然成在光屏的中心,应该将光屏向     移动.

答案

(1)最小(最小最亮)   10 (2) 物距小于焦距(物距等于焦距)(3)上

题目分析:(1)太阳光可以近似看为平行光源,将凸透镜正对着太阳光,太阳光经凸透镜后将会聚在焦点.所以把光屏置于另一侧,改变光屏与凸透镜间的距离,直到光屏上出现一个最小、最亮的光斑.这个光斑便为焦点.测出光斑到凸透镜的距离,便是焦距.

由图知,凸透镜的焦距是

(2)蜡烛、凸透镜和光屏的中心调到同一高度,仍不能得到清晰的像,这说明此时成的是虚像或不成像即物距小于或等于焦距.

(3)实验一段时间蜡烛变短,由于过凸透镜光心的光线传播方向不变,即像和物的中心在同一轴线上,所以成的像将靠近光屏的上方.所以应向上移动光屏.

点评:考查了粗略测量凸透镜焦距的方法,关键是掌握焦点和焦距的概念.同时考查了实验过程中经常出现的两个问题,在平时遇到问题要善于分析原因.

填空题

You might think that hamburgers were invented in the United States, but that is not totally true. These (1) , or patties, actually came from Germany in the middle of the nineteenth century. They were brought to the United States by (2) who came from the city of Hamburg. That is why (3) was "hamburger steak".

However, people in other places (4) that they invented the hamburger. Perhaps we’ll never have a (5) . But there’s no question that the hamburger was a (6) . Why Perhaps because at that time, industry was growing and a kind of (7) food was needed for workers.

The hamburger became even more popular (8) when the first chain of fast food restaurants was started. This chain was called "White Castle". It served tiny hamburgers that were sold for only (9) . Then, in the 1930s there came the (10) where customers were served in their cars by waiters in uniform. And the hamburger was one of the most (11) .

By now, The hamburger was ready to (12) the world. And this happened with McDonald’s, which was actually a (13) at first. But by the early 1950s the hot dog was replaced by the hamburger. McDonald’s and other fast food restaurants (14) around the world throughout the rest of the twentieth century. McDonald’s alone has (15) for everyone person in the world.

The importance of the hamburger to (16) remains significant. About (17) of all sandwiches that are eaten are hamburgers. According to some sources, (18) of current workers in the United States had their first job at McDonald’s. But the face of the hamburger is changing (19) . Nowadays it is possible to buy a chicken burger, a turkey burger, (20) , or veggie burger.

8()

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