问题 实验题

(7分)X混合气体由H2、CO、CH4的成分组成,为检验气体的成分设计了如下的实验装置(注:夹持装置未画出;无水硫酸铜遇水由白色变成蓝色,可用于检验水的存在):

【查阅资料】

(1)CO和二氯化钯(PdCl2)溶液反应产生黑色钯(Pd):CO+PdCl2+H2O=CO2+Pd↓+2X,该反应中X的化学式是              

(2)在高温条件下,H2可还原氧化铁,产生铁和水。在高温条件下,CH4也可与Fe2O3反应:4Fe2O3+nCH4  8Fe +nCO2+2nH2O,其中n的值为      (填数字)。

【提出假设】关于X混合气体的组成,同学们提出下列假设:

①H2和CO    ②H2和CH4      ③CO和CH4      ④H2、CO和CH4

【实验现象】A中出现黑色固体;C中固体逐渐变为黑色;D固体变为蓝色;E中溶液变浑浊。

【问题讨论】

(3)根据以上实验现象,甲同学和老师一致认为:可排除假设      (填假设序号)。

(4)根据以上实验现象,乙认为可排除“假设①”。你认为乙的结论是否正确?     

(5)丙同学认为:要验证剩余的假设是否成立,需要在A、B之间增加装置H,但该装置未画完整,请在答题卡中将装置画完整。

(6)丁同学利用改进后的装置进行实验,测得实验中装置D质量增加m1g,装置E和F质量增加的总和为m2g,若m1∶m2=       (填写比值),则“假设③”成立。

答案

(1)HCl(1分) (2) 3 (1分)

(3)② (1分)      (4)不正确(1分)        

(5)②如右图(长管不伸入液面下不给分,不作美观要求)(1分)

(6)9∶11(2分)

:(1)根据化学反应前后原子的种类和数目不变,由CO+PdCl2+H2O=CO2+Pd↓+2X可知,该反应中X的化学式是HCl;

(2)由质量守恒定律化学反应前后原子的种类和数目不变可知,4Fe2O3+nCH48Fe+nCO2+2nH2O,n的值为3;

(3)A中出现黑色固体说明有一氧化碳,所以排除假设②;

(4)如果只有氢气和一氧化碳气体也出现以上现象,所以乙的结论不正确;

(5)气体的流向可知,要验证剩余的假设是否成立,需要在A、B之间增加装置H,则H装置如图:

(6)由4Fe2O3+3CH4 8Fe+3CO2+6H2O可知,生成水和二氧化碳质量比=(6×18):(3×44)=9:11,所以m1:m2=9:11时,“假设③”成立.

阅读理解

There was once a farmer. He lived near a road. It was not a busy road, but from time to time, cars passed the farm.

Near the farm gate, there was a large hole in the road. This road was always full of water, and the drivers of the cars could not see how deep the hole was. They thought it was not deep.

Then when they drove into the hole, they could not drive out because it was too deep.

The farmer did not spend much time working on his farm. He spent most of it watching the hole.

When a car drove into it, he pulled the car out with his tractor(拖拉机) and the driver gave him a lot of money for doing this.

One day, the driver of a car said to him, “You must make a lot of money by pulling cars out of this hole night and day.”

“Oh, no,” the farmer said. “I don’t pull cars out of the hole at night. At night I fill(填) the hole with water.”

小题1:Many cars went into the hole because the drivers ________.

A.were going too fast to stop

B.did not see the hole

C.did not know the hole was very deep

D.liked driving through water小题2:The farmer ________ at night.

A.pulled cars out of the hole in the road

B.filled the hole with water

C.laughed at the drivers of the cars

D.worked on his farm小题3:The farmer made money from ________.

A.giving things

B.selling water

C.pulling cars out of the hole

D.filling the hole with water小题4:Which is the best title(标题) of the passage?

A.How to make money

B.A helpful farmer

C.To drive more carefully

D.The hole in the road

默写题