问题 单项选择题

维持宏观经济稳定、保持宏观经济关系的协调属于公共行政的( )。

A.扶助作用

B.服务作用

C.导向作用

D.管制作用

答案

参考答案:D

解析:公共行政的作用主要有: (1) 导向作用。是公共行政的核心作用,是政府“领航”和“掌舵”职能的具体体现。政府应该着眼于提高全国和全民族的核心竞争力,即在决定国家命运和前途的政治、经济、教育、科技和国防等领域起主导作用,特别是使全国和全民族的财富在全世界的财富总量中居于领先地位,提高国家综合实力和国际竞争力,提高整个社会的应变能力。 (2) 管制作用。就是政府发挥其权威性、强制性的公共管理能力,以便协调处理各种社会关系与利益,维持社会的良性运行。政府管制分为社会性管制和经济性管制两个方面。社会性管制包括维持社会公平稳定、保证收入分配的公平、消除社会歧视等,如制订企业必须遵守的最低工资标准、工时标准、劳动安全标准等;经济性管制包括维持宏观经济稳定、保持宏观经济关系的协调、对市场进行有效的监管等,如强制性的产品的质量标准、技术标准、环保标准等。 (3) 服务作用。是政府提供公 * * 品、兴办公共事业、提供公共设施的作用。其目的是为了服务于社会,维持社会的正常运行与长远发展。例如,为社会提供基本的公 * * 品——国防安全、义务教育、公共医疗与卫生防疫、自然资源保护等。 (4) 扶助作用。是政府对发展贫困地区、对弱势集团与群体给予帮助方面的功能。例如,扶贫、社会救济、社会福利与社会保险等。

阅读理解

任务型阅读。

认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词.

注意:每个空格只填1 个单词.请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上.

     Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and

we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life. To

what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?

     In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally

prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more

self-absorbed and self-concerned.

     Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle

out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greedy

and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can

to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues. We are in any way advocating

any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.

     In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and

selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy

and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore the fact

that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with

their modern counterparts.

     Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either.

Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the

opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually

encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.

     In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to

strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being

caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.

     Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish?

                 Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish?

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     When I was a boy every holiday that I had seemed perfect. My parents took me by train or by car to a

hotel by the sea. All day, I seem to remember. I played on the sands with strange exciting children. We make

sandcastles with huge yellow walls, and watched the incoming tide destroy them; we splashed each other in

the water and shrieked with excitement. When the tide went out, we climbed over the slippery rocks and

stared down at the fish and the seaweed in the rock-pools.

     In those far-off days the sun seemed to shine constantly and the water was always warm. Sometimes we

left the beach and walked in the country, exploring ruined houses and dark woods and climbing trees that

overhung streams. There were always sweets in one's pockets or convenient places where one could buy ice-

creams. Each day seemed a life-time.

     Although I am now an adult, my idea of a good holiday is much the same as it was. I still like the sun and

the warm sand and the sound of waves breaking on the beach. I no longer wish to build sandcastles and I

dislike sweets instantly, but I look forward to sitting down to a good meal and a bottle of wine in the evening.

     I think, too, that I prefer spending my holiday abroad. I want to smell different smells; I want to see

different kinds of trees, flowers and birds; and I also want to see people with different colored skins, wearing

different kinds of clothes. Above all, I want to hear a different language spoken and listen to different musical

rhythms from those I am used to.

     But I still need my companions-not, of course, to play on the sands and eat ices with, but to drink with and

talk to on warm moonlit nights.

     Sometimes I wonder what my perfect holiday will be when I am old. All I shall want to do then, I expect,

will be to lie in bed, reading books about children who make sandcastles with huge yellow walls, who watch

the incoming tide, who make themselves sick on too many ices…

1. Where did the author mostly spend his holidays when he was young? [ ]

A. In the countryside.

B. On the beach.

C. In the mountains.

D. On the sea.

2. What does the underlined word "shrieked" in Paragraph 1 mean? [ ]

A. shouted

B. swam

C. struggled

D. surfed

3. What now interests the author as an adult is _____. [ ]

A. to enjoy a nice dinner

B. to spend his holiday sunbathing

C. to chat with someone

D. to experience a foreign culture

4. When the author grows old, he expects that _____. [ ]

A. he will read more books about children

B. he will lie in bed without worrying about anything

C. he will bring back wonderful childhood memories from a book

D. he will make sandcastles with his children