问题 材料分析题

材料一:自从加入世界贸易组织以来,我国连续降低进出口关税水平。经国务院批准,2005年我国的关税总水平由11%降至9.9%,2007年的关税总水平由9.9%降低至9.8%。以下是近年来我国关税的变动情况:

注:2007年农产品平均税率为15%,工业产品平均税率为8.95%。

材料二:国际贸易游戏规则中很重要的一条就是技术标准,谁控制了技术标准,谁就掌握了进入世界市场的主动权。针对发展中国家农产品进入发达国家市场的速度日益加快的趋势,发达国家制定了越来越严格的农业标准,借以抵制发展中国家农产品进入其市场,这是我们通常所说的农业“技术壁垒”。自我国加入世界贸易组织以来,我国农产品出口遇到前所未有的贸易壁垒。据商务部调查,我国90%的农业及食品出口企业由于受到国外绿色(技术性)贸易壁垒影响,每年损失约90亿美元。国外实施的技术性贸易壁垒已成为制约我国农产品出口的最大障碍。

(1)材料一反映了什么经济现象?

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(2)请运用所学经济学的有关知识,谈谈你对降低关税的看法。

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(3)技术性贸易壁垒的实质是什么?它违背了世贸组织的哪些原则?

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(4)面对日益严峻的技术性贸易壁垒,应如何提高我国农产品的竞争力?

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答案

(1)材料一反映我国履行入世承诺,关税总水平不断下降,表明中国市场更加开放,对外开放水平日益提高。

(2)①体现了税收是调节经济的重要杠杆,降低关税是政府对国民经济进行宏观调控的具体体现。②降低关税是我国履行入世承诺,是深化改革、扩大开放的重要举措,表明我国正以更加开放的姿态参与国际竞争和国际合作的决心和信心。③降低关税,会减少我国进出口商品的税收收入。但从长期看有利于扩大进出口贸易;有利于充分利用国际国内两种资源、两个市场实现资源的优化配置;有利于引进先进技术和产品,促进我国产品、产业结构调整,促进企业技术进步;有利于企业降低生产成本,提高产品质量,提高产品的国际竞争力,争夺世界市场。有利于我国经济的发展和国民收入的增加。④降低关税,使企业参与国际竞争,不断刺激企业提高产品质量,从而在市场竞争中寻求主动。

(3)①技术性贸易壁垒的实质是贸易保护主义。②它违背了自由贸易原则。

(4)①企业应深刻认识到提高农产品安全的重要性。加强学习研究世界市场农产品的技术要求,用这些技术来规范农产品的生产程序。②出口企业应该加大农产品质量检验和质量控制体系建设的投入,积极采用国内外先进食品安全管理体系和生产技术,着力提高农产品质量和技术标准。③出口企业可调整出口产品生产的经营模式,实现“公司+农户”或“公司+农场”模式,确保对动植物产品从生产源头到加工、出口环节全过程监控管理,从根本上解决农药残留的质量问题,提高农产品的世界竞争力。

单项选择题

Dear Sirs,
Your shipment of twelve thousand ’Smart’ watches was received by our company this morning. However, we wish to make a number of complaints concerning the serious delay in delivery and your failure to carry out our specific instructions with regard to this order.
It was stressed from the beginning that the delivery date had to be less than six weeks from the initial order in order to meet our own customers’ requirements. While we understand that delays in production are occasionally inevitable, we must point out that the major reason why the order was placed with your company was because we were assured by you of its speed of delivery, and that your existing stocks were sufficiently high to ensure immediate shipment. Late delivery of the goods has caused US to disappoint several of our most valued customers, and is bound to have a negative effect on potential future orders.
The second complaint concerns the difference in color between the watches we ordered and those delivered. It was stated clearly in the original order that watches in combinations of green/purple and orange/purple only were required. However, only half the watches in the delivery received are of the colors specified. Our Hong Kong agent assures US that she stressed to you the importance of following our instructions precisely, since we consider there to be only a limited market in this country for watches of other colors at the present time. Any watches that are not of the specified colors will, of course, be returned to you.
We are also somewhat concerned about the rather poor quality of the goods received, since it is apparent that the watches that finally arrived have been produced from inferior materials and have been manufactured to a lower standard than those in the sample. We have also found that a number of the watches do not appear to be functioning. Whether the latter problem is due to poor manufacture, damage during transportation or bad batteries is not yet clear, but we should like to point out that we feel this matter to be entirely your responsibility.

"The latter problem" in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. the poor quality of the goods B. the use of inferior materials
C. the IOW standard of manufactureD. some of the watches not working

As a result of the above problems, therefore, we feel that the most suitable course of action is to return to you unpaid any of the goods considered unsatisfactory, and to subtract any resultant costs from our final settlement. We shall also, of course, be forced to reconsider whether any further orders should be placed with your company.
We look forward to your prompt reply.


Yours sincerely,


John Smith

单项选择题