问题 问答题

A房地产开发有限公司(以下简称“A公司”)建造开发销售商品房, 2006年10月该公司在当地有关媒体刊登售楼广告中称:该楼盘为绿色生态住宅,小区环境优美典雅,绿化率为48%,并建有高档会所;为此,该楼盘的房价确定为每平方米8500元(均价)。某公司职员李某看到该售楼广告后,认为该楼盘的小区环境正合其购房意愿,遂于2006年12月5日与A公司签订了总房款为100万元的商品房买卖合同。合同约定:A公司应于2007年6月10日前交房,违约金为合同总房价的5%。2006年12月10日李某按合同约定支付了全额房款。2007年6月8日A公司按期交房,李某发现A公司为降低建房成本,大大减少了小区的绿化,其绿化率仅为25%,且售楼广告中所称的高档会所也不见踪影。于是,李某向A公司提出异议进行交涉,认为A公司缺乏诚信,所交付使用的商品房小区环境与其售楼广告宣传的内容大相径庭,要求A公司承担违约责任。A公司认为售楼广告宣传的内容是其开发初期的设想,后因房地产市场火爆,本公司有权改变原有的小区规划;且其售楼广告宣传中所称的有关小区绿化率和高档会所的内容并未载人与其签订的商品房买卖合同之中。因此,该售楼广告内容应视为要约邀请,仅供购房者参考。李某对A公司的解释十分不满,遂向B区人民法院(以下简称“人民法院”)提起诉讼,要求A公司因改变小区环境规划的违约行为,承担相应的违约责任。
人民法院受理此案后查明,有关小区绿化率和建有高档会所的内容仅在A公司的售楼广告中刊登,并未载人双方签订的商品房买卖合同。但人民法院认定 A公司的行为已构成违约,因该案李某遭到的经济损失为53000元。
在该案审理过程中,为A公司建造该商品房的承包人C建筑工程公司(以下简称“C公司”)以A公司未按照与其签订的建设工程合同支付工程价款,并经多次催告未果为由,向B区人民法院申请将该商品房拍卖,其拍卖所得价款优先清偿其建设工程的价款。
要求:根据上述要求,回答下列问题:
(1)A公司的售楼广告中有关小区绿化率和高档会所的说明应视为要约还是要约邀请为什么
(2)由于双方未将售楼广告中有关小区绿化率和高档会所的说明载人双方签订的商品房买卖合同,A公司的行为是否应承担违约责任并说明理由。
(3)如果李某以约定的违约金不足弥补其损失为由请求人民法院增加,人民法院是否支持其请求并说明理由。
(4)C公司申请人民法院将该商品房拍卖,并将其拍卖所得价款优先清偿建 设工程价款的请求,是否有法律依据为什么

答案

参考答案:(1)A公司的售楼广告中有关小区绿化率和高档会所的说明应视为要约。根据规定,商品房的销售广告和宣传资料为要约邀请,但是出卖人就商品房开发规划范围内的房屋及相关设施所作的说明和允诺具体确定,并对商品房买卖合同的订立以及房屋价格的确定有重大影响的,应当视为要约。本题A公司的售楼广告中有关小区绿化率和高档会所的说明,对商品房买卖合同的订立以及房屋价格的确定有重大影响。因此,应当视为要约。
(2)尽管双方未将售楼广告中有关小区绿化率和高档会所的说明载人双方签订的商品房买卖合同,A公司的行为也应承担违约责任。因为根据规定,该说明和允诺即使未载人商品房买卖合同,亦应当视为合同内容,当事人违反的,应当承担违约责任。
(3)如果李某以约定的违约金不足弥补其损失为由请求人民法院增加,可以
得到人民法院支持。根据规定,当事人以约定的违约金低于造成的损失为由请求增加的,应当以违约造成的损失确定违约金数额。.本题合同约定的违约金为 50000元,李某遭到的经济损失为53000元,因此对李某以约定的违约金不足弥补其损失为由请求人民法院增加,人民法院会支持其请求。
(4)C公司申请人民法院将该商品房拍卖,并将其拍卖所得价款优先清偿建设工程价款的请求,是不符合法律规定的。因为根据规定,发包人未按照约定支付价款的,经承包人催告发包人仍不支付的,承包人可以与发包人协商将该工程折价,也可以申请人民法院将该工程依法拍卖,建设工程的价款就该工程折价或者拍卖的价款优先受偿,并优先于抵押权和其他债权。但消费者交付购买商品房的全部或者大部分款项后,承包人就该项商品房享有的工程价款优先受偿权不得对抗买受人。本题买受人李某已按合同约定支付了全额房款,C公司就该项商品房享有的工程价款优先受偿权不得对抗买受人李某。

单项选择题 A1型题
阅读理解

The days of Europeans relaxing in the cafe with a newspaper and a seemingly endless cup of coffee appear to be numbered.A new English expression is popular in Europe these days:“coffee to go.”

“Five or ten years ago it was much more normal to sit in a cafe for several hours than it is nowadays,”says Joann,who works in a central Berlin coffee bar owned by the Canadian coffee and bakery chain Tim’s.

“There is a trend towards a more fast-paced life.But people still act surprised  when you ask if the coffee is‘to go’.You mean I can take it with me? they ask..”

“Europe is often five or eight years behind trends in America,”says Joann.“In the States.‘coffee to go’is part of everyday life.”

Owing in part to Starbucks,it appears to be very much part of everyday life in many other countries too.

The Seattle-based group compete with a growing number of global chains in attempting to reshape coffee drinking cultures in regions including Asia and the Middle East.

The US is the model for continental Europe’s new“coffee to go”culture:Each of the new cafe bars offers bagels,muffins,brownies and cookies to go with the coffee.

But then,“coffee to go’’might sound a little odd to English ears used to the words “takeaway”or take one.

It does sum up the brisker pace of life since the city resumed its status as the German capital following the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989.

As one more sign of the changing times,one of Berlin’s most venerable(古老而庄重的)coffee houses,cafe Einstein,has followed the trend by opening a small chain of coffee shops across the city.

Taking coffee,slowly and in decorous(端正的)surroundings,has been a feature of European coffee houses,particularly in German speaking countries,for decades.

For the elderly citzens of Vienna it amounts to a ritual(仪式)when they gather in coffee houses around the city for a cup of their favovrite drink and a piece of rich,creamy cake.

小题1:From the passage,we can see that      .

A.“coffee to go” springs in Europe these days

B.Europe is often a few years before trends in America

C.America often follows Europe’s “coffee to go”culture

D.it’s easy to reshape coffee drinking cultures in the Middle East小题2:Every new cafe bar offers some        to go with the coffee

A.food

B.newspaper

C.drink

D.music小题3:More and more Europeans have takeaway coffee because        .

A.Europeans live a more fast-paced life now

B.The coffee is much cheaper

C.Europeans are used to taking away the coffee

D.the coffee is easy to take away小题4:The characteristic of European coffee houses is        .

A.“coffee to go ”as part of daily life

B.sitting in a cafe bar for several hours

C.having coffee slowly in a pleasant atmosphere

D.taking away coffee in a hurry