问题 填空题

(11分)A~E是几种烃分子的模型,据此回答下列问题

(1)上述五种烃中;

①C的结构简式为_____________

②互为同分异构体的是_____________(填字母,下同);互为同系物的是_____________

(2) 上述五种烃中使溴水因发生化学反应而褪色的化学方程式: _________________________

写出E与足量H2发生反应的化学方程式:__________________________该反应的反应类型_____________

写出A与氯气反应的第一步化学方程式:__________________________该反应的反应类型_____________

(3)C分子的一氯代物的种类数为__________________________

答案

(1)、  B和C  、 A和B或 A和C (每空1分)

(2)  CH2==CH+ Br2CH2 Br CH2Br   1分

   2分  加成反应(1分)

CH4+Cl2CH3Cl+HCl;      2分         取代反应(1分)

(3) 4   (1分)

(1)根据分子的模型可知A是甲烷,B是正戊烷,C是异戊烷,D是乙烯,E是苯。分子式相同而结构不同的化合物是同分异构体,所以B和C互为同分异构体。结构相似,分子组成相差若干个CH2原子团的同一类有机物互为同系物,所以A和B或 A和C互为同系物。

(2)乙烯中含有碳碳双键,和溴水发生加成反应。苯也可以和氢气发生加成反应生成环己烷。甲烷是烷烃,和氯气发生取代反应。

(3)考查有机物中氢原子种类的判断。一般同一个碳原子上的氢原子是相同的,同一个碳原子所连接的甲基上的氢原子是相同的,具有对称性结构(类似于平面镜成像中物体和像的关系)。所以异戊烷中含有4种氢原子。

阅读理解

根据短文内容,回答下列问题。

        What is a supermarket? In the dictionary, a supermarket is a large self-service department store. Some

supermarkets have two floors. When you enter such a supermarket, an elevator (电梯) will take you to the

second floor. Here you can buy things such as CDs, pens, clothes, TVs and refrigerator After you have collected

the things you want to buy on the second floor, you can go downstairs to the first floor where food and drinks

are sold (被卖到). You can also buy fresh fruit, vegetables and meat on this floor. 

        people like to go shopping in the supermarket. Here are some of the reasons (原因). 

        ★ First, the prices are reasonable (合理的). The prices are lower than these in special shops and you can

choose whatever you want, without going place to place. 

        ★ Second, the service is great. You can walk around freely and no one will ask you, "What can I do for

you?" If you can't find anything, just ask a service person and he or she will tell you where it is at once. 

        ★ Third, the quality is good. If you get home and find the food bad, you can return it and they will say

sorry and change it for you. 

        ★ Nowadays many people don't have much time to walk from one shop to another, so people choose to 

go to the supermarket in order to save time and money.

        ★ What's more, if you don't want to buy anything, you can just come and look around in the supermarket.

It's a good place to have a walk.

1.What is a supermarket?

     _____________________________________________________

2.Can you buy fresh fruit, vegetables and meat in the supermarket?

     _____________________________________________________

3.How many reasons are given for going shopping in the supermarket?

     _____________________________________________________

4.Are the prices lower in this supermarket than these in special shops?

     _____________________________________________________

5.What does the passage want to tell us?

     _____________________________________________________

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