问题 单项选择题

女性,24岁,1天来发热、腰痛、尿急、尿频来院。以往无类似发作史。查肾区有叩击痛。此时对诊断有帮助的辅助检查应是()

A.中段尿培养和药敏试验

B.双肾B超

C.尿浓缩试验(改良莫氏法)

D.排泄性尿路造影

E.核素肾图

答案

参考答案:A

问答题

中国古代的天文
李政道
古代西方人的一种观念是“天圆地方”,我们老祖宗却认为“天圆地圆”,有黄道、赤道。两千多年前,诗人屈原在其著作《天问》中引证天是圆的,地也是圆的。他说:
九天之际,安放安属隅隈多有,谁知其数
九天是指坐标,就是昊天(东)、阳天(东南)、赤天(南)、朱天(西南)、成天(西)、幽天(西北)、玄天(北)、鸾天(东北)、钧天(中间向上),一共是九个坐标位置。屈原说,如果天圆地平,就会相交,成九天之际。安放安属相交的点放在哪里呢隅隈多有,谁知其数天地相交显然不合理。因此,天是圆的,地一定也是圆的。天如蛋壳,地如蛋黄,各自可转。所以中国古代天文就是赤道、黄道两个圆轨道。
他下面再问:天是圆形的,还是椭圆形的
东西南北,其修孰多南北顺椭,其衍几何
其中东西是经度,南北是纬度。他问的是经度长一些,还是纬度长一些。实际上,地球的赤道直径与南北两极的距离相差22公里,屈原当然没有求出来,不过他这种解析问题的能力及有关天圆地圆的推测都令人佩服。
《周礼》说:以苍璧礼天,以黄琮礼地。璧的外围是圆的,中间有圆孔,代表天。可是,为什么天中有礼琮的造形更奇怪了,外面是方的,中间也有一个圆孔穿过去。外边为什么是方的为什么璧代表天,琮代表地另外,商代还有一种玉器叫璇玑,造型很像璧。璧,璇玑,琮,它们的关系是什么《虞书·舜典》注疏:“璇,美玉也;玑为转运,径八尺,圆周二丈五尺强,王者正天文之器。”
璇玑是一个大的天文仪器。我们今天看到的璇玑玉器,直径仅约33厘米,可能是模型,是商代的文物。那么璇玑怎样做天文仪器呢
每颗恒星和行星,都要转圈,都各自沿着一个圆在走。大球面上有一点不动,就是天球面和地球的轴的相交点,叫做正极。我们可以设想,璇玑或璧、琮的前身可能是一个旋转式天文仪器,目的就是把这个旋转轴的指向定准于正极。怎样做到这个要求呢
我的猜想是:假如要定准正极,一定要有一根长管。如果转盘的直径是8尺,那么管子的长度应约是转盘直径的2倍,这个管子对着正极。再做一个形状像璇玑的大盘子;边上有三个凹口,每一个凹口正好对着一个星,星在天空转,这个盘子随着星转,竹管是不动的,要定正极的位置,必须通过管子对着正极,然后让盘子随天转动,把三颗星的位置扣住。
竹管一定要和地固定,方法是用一些大石头把它绑起来,每块大石头成方形,约高一尺。竹管四周均有大石头,这样的造型的古代天文仪器就有两个部分:一是大璇玑那样的盘子,凹口对着星,随天上的星面转,代表天;一是这些大石头绑住的长竹管,跟地永恒,代表地。假如用很细的针在竹管一端开一个直径为2毫米的孔,管子长15尺左右,它测量正极分类的精确性能达到0.013度。
我还有一个想法,就是在商朝时正极没有任何明显的星,人们为了纪念炎黄古代天文学的成功,就制作了璇玑这种小型玉器,后来把璇玑变得更简单:一部分变成璧,竹管和外包的大石块就变成琮。因而“以苍璧礼天,以黄琮礼地”。
(选自《中国国家天文》创刊号,有删改)

丘也闻有国有家者,______,______。盖均无贫,和无寡,安无倾。 (《论语·季氏将伐颛臾》)

阅读理解

Until recently, I hadn’t done much community service.In face, I did nothing to benefit anyone but myself.My selfishness and laziness were clear before I received an assignment from my teacher.Each student was required to complete 10 hours community service.To me, 10 hours was a huge amount of time to spend helping others.Volunterring, for me, has been a truly life – changing experience.

My mom suggested that I organize a food drive(募捐活动)in our development(新建筑宅区)and donate what I collected to a local shelter.Anything that would help finish the project seemed like a good idea, so I agreed.I made up flyers(传单)asking for donations and placed flyers at every house in my neighborhood.

I was getting ready to fetch the cans from my neighbor’s yards on the day of the food drive when all of a sudden it started to pour.Rain flooded the roads and wind blew hard, but I was determined to complete my task.My mom drove me around our development and I jumped out at every house to collect items people had put out.

When we finally arrived the shelter, I was a little nervous because I had never been there before.The woman in charge was extremely grateful for the donations and said that the world would be ganizing the food drive and delighted that my service to the community would make a difference in people’s lives.

As I was leaving the shelter, a man asked if I was the one who had brought all the food.I shyly nodded, and he said, “A round here, you are a hero.” From that point on, I made myself a promise that I would serve the community more often, even when it was not required.Through this school assignment, I have realized that caring for others is an important part of living and the world would be a completely different place if people all help those who are less fortunate.

小题1:From the first paragraph we know the author          

A.was satisfied with the assignment of his teacher

B.was unwilling to do good things for others

C.thought it impossible for him to spend 10 hours helping others

D.didn’t realize his selfishness until he received the assignment小题2:The author decided to serve the community more often because      

A.he was treated as a big hero by his neighbors

B.he received gratitude from the woman in the shelter

C.he found what he did had an effect on people’s lives

D.he found the people in the shelter were warm – hearted小题3:The author wrote this passage in order to         

A.show his pity for those poor people

B.care about the future of the world

C.give advice on organizing a drive

D.expect more people to think of others