问题 问答题

元素周期表是学习和研究化学的重要工具,如图是元素周期表的一部分.

ⅠA0
周期
11  H

1.008

ⅡAⅢAⅣAⅤAⅥAⅦA2  He

4.003

23  Li

6.991

4  Be

9.012

5  B

10.80

6  C

12.01

7  N

14.01

8  O

16.00

9  F

19.00

10 Ne

20.18

311  Na

22.99

12  Mg

24.31

13  Al

26.98

14  Si

28.09

15  P

30.97

16  S

32.02

17  Cl

35.45

18  Ar

39.95

(1)不同种元素最本质的区别是______(填序号).

A.质子数不同B.中子数不同

C.相对原子质量不同D.电子数不同

(2)核电荷数为16的元素名称是______,该元素与______元素的化学性质相似.

(3)周期表中每一个横行叫做一个周期,依据上表的规律可以推断出第4周期与氯元素化学性质相似的是______号元素,其核外电子数是______.(提示:核外电子排布是遵循一些规律的,如:每层最多可容纳的电子数为2n2个;最外层最多不超过8个电子;次外层最多不超过18个电子等)

答案

(1)根据元素是具有相同核电荷数(即核内质子数)的一类原子的总称,不同种元素之间的本质区别是质子数不同,故选A;

(2)从元素周期表可查核电荷数为16的元素名称为硫;

根据最外层电子数相同的元素化学性质相似,所以硫与氧的化学性质相似;故答案为:硫; O;

(3)根据核外电子层的排布规律:第一层电子数为2,第二层电子数为8,第三层电子数为18,最外层电子数为7,

在原子中,原子序数=质子数=核外电子数=35,故答案为:35; 35.

多项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

Dear editor,

     I am writing to ask what has happened to our young people. They are not as polite or hard-working as

my generation (一代人). I will give you two examples.

     Last Friday, I got on the underground at 9:15 a.m. It was very crowded so there was no free seat. There

were some boys sitting on the seats near me. I didn't know why they were not at school. They were talking

and laughing loudly. It was difficult for me to read my newspaper with all the noise. At the next stop, a

pregnant (怀孕的) woman and her daughter got on with lots of shopping bags. I expected the boys to let them

sit down. They saw the woman but they did nothing. I had to ask them to give the woman and her daughter

seats. They did so but gave me a rude look.

     Last Saturday, I had dinner with my friend's family. I was glad to see his children, who I hadn't seen for

ten years. During the dinner, I started talking about world politics with the children. It soon became clear that

they didn't know much about it. They couldn't tell me the name of the King of Spain or President of Italy. All

they knew about was the Internet or which singers were the most beautiful. In my days, students knew the

kings, the queens and the presidents of every country in Europe.

    I worry about the future of Germany. How could these young people become good workers and parents?

They sit around Mcdonald's after school instead of going to the library as I did at their age. Maybe they have

too much money. Perhaps some readers can give us some ideas about what to do with this "lost generation".

                                                                                                                                  Yours sincerely,

                                                                                                                                   Frantz Vogts

1. Mr Vogts writes this letter to the editor to ______. [ ]

A. show how rude the teenagers are

B. complain (抱怨) about young people's act

C. show teenagers are lazy

D. express his worry about Germany's future

2. When Mr Vogts met the boys on the underground, he ______. [ ]

A. knew he wouldn't get a seat

B. didn't know why they were not at school

C. felt he would be in trouble

D. expected they would get off at the next stop

3. Mr Vogts was disappointed at the dinner because ______. [ ]

A. The children didn't like him

B. the children knew much about the Internet

C. his friend knew little about world politics

D. the children knew little about world politics

4. By saying "lost generation", Mr Vogts refers to ______.[ ]

A. today's workers

B. the people at his age

C. today's young people

D. the young people who are poor