问题 问答题

如何判定胎盘功能及宫内胎儿安危?

答案

参考答案:判断胎盘功能及宫内胎儿安危主要通过:①胎动记数:如胎动<10次/12h或逐日下降50%以上,提示胎盘功能不足,胎儿缺氧。②胎儿电子监测NST、OCT:每周1~2次NST,结合B超检查可估计胎儿宫内安危;或行OCT,如宫缩良好,胎心无明显晚期减速,提示胎儿贮备良好。③B超检查:每周1~2次胎儿生物物理评分(BPS),观察羊水量、胎动、胎儿呼吸运动、胎儿肌张力,结合NST,可了解胎儿宫内状况,如BPS≤3分,提示胎儿宫内明显缺氧。④尿E3或E/C测定:隔日检查一次,如尿E/C<10或24h尿E3<10mg,提示胎盘功能不良。⑤羊膜镜检查:了解羊水有无胎粪污染。若羊水清,无污染,则宫内胎儿安全。

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单项选择题

Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals (1) they, too, relied’upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans (2) a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating (3) of a disease or (4) the condition of a wound. (5) there was so much that primitive humans did not (6) the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component ofthe beliefs about the causes and cures of heath (7) Therefore it is not (8) that early humans thought that illness was caused (9) evil spirit. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to (10) harmful spirit from a diseased body.

One of the. earliest (11) in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and (12) of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. The writing (13) to him has provided a number of principles underiying modern medical practice. One of his most famous (14) , the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics.

Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from a (15) of the natural science and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this (16) thesis, On Air, Water, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human well-being is (17) by the totality of environmental (18) : living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and food. (19) enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are (20) very much written in twentieth century.

15()

A.creation

B.expectation

C.perception

D.preference