问题 实验题

某同学在商店买到一种“果冻蜡烛”(见图)。他想对“果冻蜡烛”进行探究。

【提出问题】“果冻蜡烛”是否含有碳、氢、氧元素。

【查阅资料】“果冻蜡烛”可完全燃烧,燃烧时无烟尘,燃烧过程和熄灭时无异味;

【探究实验】(请完成下列实验报告)

步骤现象实验结论
(1)点燃“果冻蜡烛”,并在火焰上方罩一个干冷的小烧杯。烧杯内壁有无色小液滴产生。“果冻蜡烛”燃烧生成

           

(2)迅速倒转小烧杯,向其中加入适量澄清石灰水,振荡。                        

              

“果冻蜡烛”燃烧生成二氧化碳。
【实验结论】该同学分析:水是由氢元素和氧元素组成,二氧化碳是由碳元素和氧元素组成,因此“果冻蜡烛”含有碳、氢、氧元素。

【反思与评价】你认为该同学得出的实验结论是否正确?            (填“正确”或“不正确”),请说明原因                                         

答案

【探究实验】(1)水  (2)澄清石灰水变浑浊

【反思与评价】不正确   果冻蜡烛燃烧时有氧气参加反应,氧气由氧元素组成,所以不能以此判断果冻蜡烛中一定含有氧元素

题目分析:【探究实验】

步骤现象实验结论
(1)点燃“果冻蜡烛”,并在火焰上方罩一个干冷的小烧杯。烧杯内壁有无色小液滴产生。“果冻蜡烛”燃烧生成

水。

(2)迅速倒转小烧杯,向其中加入适量澄清石灰水,振荡。澄清石灰水变浑浊。“果冻蜡烛”燃烧生成二氧化碳。
【反思与评价】该同学得出“果冻蜡烛”含有碳、氢、氧元素的实验结论不正确,因为果冻蜡烛燃烧时有氧气参加反应,氧气由氧元素组成,所以不能以此判断果冻蜡烛中一定含有氧元素。

点评:本题难度中等,根据质量守恒定律可知,化学反应前后,原子的种类、个数、质量都不变,果冻燃烧有水和二氧化碳生成,则果冻中含有碳和氢,但因燃烧有氧气参与,故不能确定其中是否含有氧元素。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that (1) a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who (2) recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no (3) or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain (4) while completing a task that could (5) either reward or punishment.

(6) with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had (7) neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward. (8) , the high-risk girls showed no (9) in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in (10) past experiences to assist learning.

The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area (11) receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time (12) information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.

"Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed (13) reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically (14) in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression, (15) they have not yet experienced a depressive (16) ," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. " (17) , longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations (18) in this study during the processing of (19) and losses are associated with the (20) onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

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