问题 简答题

(11分)阅读材料,结合所学知识回答问题。

【材料一】 总而言之,国共合作主导下的国民革命,是一场更富有现代意义上的社会革命性质的大革命。与辛亥革命相比,这场革命与社会生活各个领域的变迁更加密切相关,革命的社会动员程度和民众参与积极性更加高涨,是在对政治共同体作出新的解说(新三民主义)的前提下,由一个新的政治上层来取得 * * ,建立起更强有力的政治体制。它反映的历史主流,是在中国建立起对外自主独立的、对内具备有效权力和权威体系的统一的现代民族国家。

——陈勤、李刚、齐佩芳著《中国现代化史纲·无法告别的革命》

【材料二】 但无论如何,中国都能与两者(苏联人民战线与英美民主联盟)很好地协调起来。中国是一个合格的反法西斯主义国家,同时,它能被英美民主联盟接受为一名,不妨说,光荣的成员。至少在亚洲的环境中,蒋介石领导下的统一的中国表现出战时所能期望的民主。当时尽管很少有人声称中国正在为民主而战,但是十分明显,中国人民正拒绝屈服于犯下像“南京暴行”那样的抢劫和屠杀罪行的法西斯侵略者。整个1938年,中国人民的英勇抵抗赢得了美国和英国的敬佩。

——(美)费正清、费维恺编《剑桥中华民国史》

问题:(1)国共第一、二次合作的主要目的分别是什么?各起怎样的作用?(6分)

(2)与第一次国共合作相比,第二次国共合作的特点有什么显著的差异?新课标主要运用了文明史观之史学范式,上述出两则材料又运用何种不同的史学范式,试指出来。(3分)

(3)国共前两次合作破裂,带来什么严重后果?从国共分合的史实中,你得到什么认识?(3分)

答案

(1)目的:第一次国共合作是打倒军阀,推翻帝国主义和统一中国;第二次国共合作是打倒日本帝国主义,实现中 * * 的解放。(2分)

作用:第一次国共合作发动了史无前例的国民大革命,它基本上推翻了北洋军阀的反动统治,沉重打击了帝国主义的侵略势力,为中国革命的继续前进奠定了基础。第二次国共合作使抗日民族统一战线建立起来,共同进行了八年的艰苦抗战,打败了日本法西斯,提高了中国的国际地位,增强了中 * * 的自信心。(4分)

(2)特点:有 * * 、有军队的合作;实行党外合作;没有统一的纲领(主义);没有固定的组织形式;高举爱国主义,具有更广泛的群众性;取得更多的国际援助,享有更高的国际声誉。(答对任意2点即可得此问的满分2分)

史学范式:材料一主要运用了现代化史观,材料二主要运用了现全球史观。(答对任意1点即可得此问的满分1分)

(3)后果: 第一次分裂导致1927——1936年国共十年对峙,日本乘机逐步扩大侵华,民族危机加深;第二次分裂导致1945——1949国共内战,造成海峡两岸的分治。(1点1分,此问共2分。)

认识:国共两党在中国近现代史都有着重大的影响,两党合则两利,促进中国的进步与发展,斗则两伤,阻碍中 * * 向前发展,海峡两岸炎黄子孙应该团结起来,共同面对目前挑战.实现中 * * 的伟大复兴。(答对任意1点即可得此问的满分1分)

本题考查近代历史上国共两党的合作,属于中等题。解题关键:理解国共第二次合作分别是国民大革命时期和抗日战争时期,为推翻北洋军阀的统治及抗日国共实行合作,两次合作因为七一五 * * 和国民党发动内战破裂。从两次合作产生的影响中谈认识。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Many people like the feeling of the gentle wind in spring. Many like to see the falling leaves dancing in the wind in autumn. But sometimes, when the wind becomes a storm, it can be very destructive (毁灭性的).

A series of such storms struck the US last month and caused very serious damage and human pain.

Every year, major storms cause many problems around the world. There is nothing people can do to stop these powerful forces of nature. But new techniques are helping scientists to predict how, when, and where big storms will happen. The more exact scientists’ warnings are, the better people can prepare for the storms.

Predictions are improving. “We’ve gotten better over the years, especially the last few years,” says Phil Klotzback, a scientist at an American university. How is a storm formed? Even if scientists know where a storm will happen, winds can suddenly change, carrying the storm to a new direction. “For a hurricane to happen, conditions have to be just right,” Klotzback says.

First, the ocean water needs to be warm enough so that it evaporates and rises into the air. As it rises, the air containing drops of water cools and turns back into liquid. This process gives off heat. This produces energy like an engine that causes winds to increase. It drives the formation of a hurricane.

If wind speeds reach 40 miles per hour, the system is called a “ tropical storm”, and it gets a name. At 75 miles per hour, it becomes a hurricane. Hurricanes that hit the US start when a thunderstorm forms off the coast Africa. Storms also develop over tropical waters in other parts of the world.

On average, 60 or 70 storms form off Africa every year. About 10 of them get names. There are usually about six hurricanes. Two tend to be very big, with winds of 115 miles per hour or a bit higher.

The hurricane season lasts from June to November. Ninety percent of all hurricanes hit in August, September and October.

小题1:According to the text, hurricanes usually ________.

A.form off the coast of Africa and America

B.hit parts of the world in summer and autumn

C.cause sea winds to rise and blow over the sea

D.strike the US but cause no damage小题2: The underlined word “evaporates” (in Paragraph 5) probably means “________”

A.begins to move

B.gets lost

C.becomes hot

D.changes into a gas小题3:Which of the following about the information of a hurricane is the correct order?

a. The ocean water evaporates and goes into the air.

b. Heat creates energy and causes winds to increase.

c. The vapor cools.                        

d. The ocean water is warm enough.

e. The vapor changes back into liquid.       

f. This course gives out heat.

A.a, d, e, b, c, f

B.a, b, c, f, d, e

C.d, a, c, e, f, b

D.d, a, b, c, e, f