问题 问答题 简答题

简述情景测验与自陈测验的不同之处。

答案

参考答案:

情景测验是把被试安置在特定的情景中,主试观察他在这一情景中的行为表现,从而来判断他的人格特征。用于人格测验的情景可以使实际生活情景,也可以使设计出来的情景。比问卷法和投射法更自然,更接近真实生活。其缺点是实施困难,费时费钱,一次只能测一个人。

问卷法也称为自陈测验,使一种用书面形式来测量人格的做法。这是人格测量中最常用的一种测验方法。所谓“自陈”就是让被试提供关于自己人格特征的报告。这种报告不时自我描述,而是一种客观的测验。计分客观,做起来也方便。

填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.

填空题