问题 单项选择题

在结束咨询关系时,最重要的是()。

A.确定咨询结束的时间

B.全面回顾和总结

C.帮助求助者运用所学的方法

D.让求助者接受离别

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

本题旨在考查考生对心理咨询技能中咨询关系结束的掌握情况。咨询师在在结束咨询关系时,应把握结束咨询关系的时机,促进求助者的长远发展。咨询师在这过程中应注意:

(1)确定咨询结束的时间。咨询进行一段时间,基本实现咨询目标以后,便可考虑进入结束阶段。结束咨询的时机,一般可以根据咨询方案商定的时间、求助者的感觉及要求、咨询师的经验等来决定。

(2)全面回顾和总结。咨询结束前,咨询师应综合所有资料,结合咨询目标和实施情况,为求助者做一次全面的总结,帮助求助者回顾整个会谈的基本情况,强调咨询要点,使求助者对自己有一个更清醒的认识,进一步了解问题的前因后果,明确今后努力的方向。同时还可要求求助者复述咨询中的要点,使求助者开动脑筋,加深理解和印象。虽然在平时的咨询中,咨询师已对求助者及其问题进行了各种方式的辅导,但结束前的这种提纲挈领的总结仍是十分重要的。作总结性回顾时,咨询师不仅要强调咨询要点,而且要总结咨询效果,充分肯定求助者取得的进步、成功以及变化;强化求助者的正确思维和积极行动,帮助求助者获得独立返回社会生活的自信与能力。

(3)帮助求助者运用所学的方法和经验。心理咨询的本质是"助人自助",通过咨询,提高求助者自知、自控、自我行动的能力,把咨询中获得的知识、方法、体验运用到日常生活中,实现知识与能力的迁移,举一反三,自己学会去如何有效地解决所遇到的各种心理问题和人生课题,逐渐走向成熟。在结束阶段,咨询师要渐渐采取相对被动的姿态,而让求助者处于主动的角色,引导求助者以独立、自主、积极的角色和方式,运用咨询中接受的知识和态度来分析、处理自己的问题。其实,这一点应该贯穿于咨询的全过程中,咨询师应把启发求助者的积极性、主动性和独立性放在重要的位置上。咨询师还要启发求助者:"通过这件事,你是不是可以从中体会到很多的东西,比如如何思考问题才更合理,如何对待挫折才不会被挫折压倒,如何待人接物才能更受人欢迎,诸如此类的,你好好体会,并运用于今后的生活中,一定会使你受益匪浅的。"当求助者能运用习得的新思维与行为方式独立地应对周围的环境时,那就是心理咨询的最大成功。

(4)让求助者接受离别。有些求助者经过较长时间的咨询,可能形成了依赖,不太愿意结束咨询。依赖性强的还可能使原来的症状重新出现,借此阻碍结束。咨询师应使求助者明白:"你什么时候能主动探索解决自己的问题了,不再需要咨询师的搀扶了,什么时候你就走向健康和成熟了。"鼓励求助者在现实生活中自力更生。对于出现依赖的求助者,咨询师可视求助者的情况和咨询进展,采取逐渐结束的方法,渐渐缩短每次咨询的时间,或加长咨询间隔,慢慢地减少求助者的依赖感,让其在不知不觉中离别。有的可以明确停止咨询的日期,但必须提前告诉求助者,使其心理上有所准备。

阅读理解

Family traditions were important in our house, and none was more appreciated than the perfect Christmas tree.

"Dad, can we watch when you trim(修剪) the tree?" My eldest son, Dan, nine, and his seven-year-old brother John, asked.

"I won't be cutting this year," my husband Bob said. "Dan, you and John are old enough to measure things. Do it all by yourselves. Think you boys can handle it?"

Dan and John seemed to grow six inches in their chairs at the thought of such an amazing responsibility. "We can handle it," Dan promised. "We won't let you down."

A few days before Christmas, Dan and John rushed in after school. They gathered the tools they'd need and brought them out to the yard, where the tree waited. I was cooking when I heard the happy sounds as the boys carried the tree into the living room. Then I heard the sound that every mother knows is trouble: dead silence. I hurried out to them. The tree was cut too short. John crossed his arms tight across his chest. His eyes filled with angry tears.

I felt worried. The tree was central to our holiday. I didn't want the boys to feel ashamed every time they looked at it. I couldn't lower the ceiling, and I couldn't raise the floor either. There was no way to undo the damage done. Suddenly, a thought came to my mind, which turned the problem into the solution.

"We can't make the tree taller," I said. "But we can put it on a higher position."

Dan nodded his head sideways. "We could put it on the coffee table. It just might work! Let's try it!"

When Bob got home and looked at the big tree on top of the coffee table, Dan and John held their breath.

"What a good idea!" he declared. "Why didn't I ever think of such a thing?"

John broke into a grin. Dan's chest swelled with pride.

小题1: The underlined part "grow six inches" (Para. 4) implies the brothers felt        .

A.proud

B.nervous

C.embarrassed

D.scared小题2:What happened after the brothers moved the Christmas tree into the living room?

A.They rushed to school.

B.They began to decorate the tree.

C.They got angry with each other.

D.They found the tree was cut short.小题3:How could the short tree be turned into a perfect one?

A.By making the tree taller.

B.By lowering the ceiling.

C.By placing it on a coffee table.

D.By raising the floor.小题4:What Bob said in the last but one paragraph (the underlined part)showed        .

A.he was a little disappointed

B.he was too stupid to think of the idea

C.he appreciated what the brothers had done

D.he should not have given them the task

单项选择题