问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面一首诗歌,然后回答问题。(8分)

金陵怀古

王珪

怀乡访古事悠悠,独上江城满目秋。一鸟带烟来别渚,数帆和雨下归舟。

萧萧暮吹惊红叶,惨惨寒云压旧楼。故国凄凉谁与问,人心无复更风流。

注:王珪:时任北宋左相,写作此诗时北宋在与西夏的两次战争中均遭失败。

小题1:试分析诗歌首联在全诗中的作用。(4分)

                                                          

                                                             

小题2:颈联锻字炼句,历来为人称道。请任选其中的两处作简要分析。(4分)

                                                                        

                                                                      

答案

小题1:开篇点题,点明时间和地点。(1分)“悠悠”“独上”“满目秋”等词,开篇即为全诗笼罩了一层孤寂、萧索的气氛。(2分)与尾联中的“故国凄凉”“ 谁与问”形成首尾呼应。(1分)

小题1:用“萧萧”“惨惨”修饰“暮吹”与“寒云”,摹声绘色,写出了晚风凄紧,寒云惨淡,也写出了作者的心绪;“惊”运用拟人手法,既写出了秋风中“红叶”飘零的情状,也写出了诗人心头之“惊”;“压”既形象地写出了寒云之重,也表现出诗人心情之沉重。() 

小题1:分析首联的作用,从内容上分析,怀乡访古说明其为怀古诗,这样的诗难免伤感,而且再从重点词汇上分析,如秋、独等字展示了诗人的心境。从结构上分析,要考虑其与题目的关系与结尾的关系等。

小题1:炼字、炼句是为表达思想服务。所以鉴赏时要找出重点词一一分析,如“萧萧”“惨惨”, “惊” “压”任选两处赏析即可。鉴赏时可按照这样的思路:用什么描绘了什么,写出了什么情景,表达了什么感情。

阅读理解

NEW YORK (Reuters Health)--Two years after New York City declared war on artificial trans fats(人造反式脂肪酸), nearly all city restaurants had successfully cut the fats from their menus, health officials reported Monday.

In December 2006, the city’s Board of Health decided to launch a gradual trans-fat phase-out (逐步淘汰)from all licensed eating establishments--including restaurants, school cafeterias and street vending spots. Then many cities like Washington, San Francisco and Philadelphia, reflected it actively.

By November 2008, more than 98 percent of city restaurants had stopped using artificial trans fats for cooking, frying and baking, researchers with the city’s health department report in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Trans fats have become notorious because they not only raise so-called “bad” LDL cholesterol (胆固醇), as the fats in animal products do, but also lower levels of so-called “good”HDL cholesterol.

While some meats and dairy products naturally contain trans fat, most trans fats in people’s diet are artificial; they are formed when manufacturers add hydrogen to vegetable oil to make it become solid. These so-called partially hydrogenated oils were main products in foods, like crackers, cookies and pastries, and widely used by restaurants in cooking, frying and baking.

When the restriction was first adopted, the researchers note, some critics claimed it was an Orwellian measure, while others worried that restaurants would have a tough time finding suitable trans-fat replacements.                                                     

However, the transition has been smooth, Angell’s team writes, declaring that trans-fat restriction “is now a largely unnoticed part of New York City life.”

Ridding the food supply of trans fats, the researchers write, could potentially improve the cholesterol levels of millions of people.

1. In which city the local health department first decide to stop artificial trans fats?

A. Washington.    B. San Francisco.     C. Philadelphia.      D. New York.

2. We can learn from the third paragraph that ________.

A. in the city most people still use artificial trans fats

B. only a few restaurants still use trans fats and the decision win most people’s support

C. the city’s decision proves to be useless

D. many people think using artificial trans fats is not so bad

3. The underlined word “notorious” in the fourth paragraph means ________.

A. having a very bad reputation          B. having a very good reputation

C. nutritious                         D. delicious

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. New York restaurants are nearly all trans-fat-free (无……有)

B. None of the restaurants in the U.S can use trans fats.

C. Most of the restaurants still use trans fats once in a while.

D. Trans fats are bad for health.

单项选择题