问题 实验题

兴趣小组同学为了探究实验室中久置的氢氧化钠固体的成分,进行了有关实验。请你与他们一起完成以下探究活动:

【对固体猜想】

猜想工:全部是NaOH;

猜想Ⅱ:全部是Na2CO3

猜想Ⅲ:是NaOH和Na2CO3混合物。

【实验和推断】

(1)若现象a为有气泡产生,则加入的A溶液是             ,说明氢氧化钠已经变质,有气泡产生反应的化学方程式是                  

(2)若A是CaCl2溶液,当实验现象a为                           ,现象b为                                   ,则猜想Ⅱ成立。

【反思】久置的氢氧化钠变质的原因是(用化学方程式表示)            

答案

(1)盐酸  Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑(或稀H2SO4等酸及其对应的化学方程式)

(2)有白色沉淀产生 无色酚酞不变色

【反思】CO2+2NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O

题目分析:通过实验流程图和现象可知:(1)若现象a为有气泡产生,则加入的A溶液是酸;氢氧化钠变质是因为:二氧化碳和氢氧化钠反应生成碳酸钠和水,配平即可;故答案为:盐酸 (或稀H2SO4等酸);Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑(或稀H2SO4等酸及其对应的化学方程式);

(2)若A是CaCl2溶液(溶液呈中性),当实验现象a为产生白色沉淀;现象b为无色酚酞变红色;则猜想Ⅲ成立;

【反思】氢氧化钠不仅吸收空气中的水分,而且能与二氧化碳起反应生成碳酸钠而变质,因此实验室保存氢氧化钠时应注意:密封保存.故答案为:有白色沉淀产生;无色酚酞变红色;CO2+2NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O

单项选择题
问答题

You probably won’t be shocked to find out that the inventor of tire rubber is Charles Goodyear, as he’s the only guy on the list to actually get his name attached to the end product. (46) It wasn’t easy coming up with a form of rubber tough enough to withstand the drag racing and car chases everyone envisioned the day the automobile was invented. In fact, if there was one man who should have given up his life dream, it was Goodyear. (47)The man spent time in and out of prison, lost every friend he had and starved his children in his tireless pursuit of a per form of rubber.

(48) After his first two years of tinkering and failing with primitive rubber in the 1830s, Goodyear and his family were camping out in an abandoned factory and fishing for sustenance. This is when he made a huge breakthrough: He’d use acid to smooth out and toughen rubber! The government bought 150 mailbags made of the stuff and the rest is...

Oh, wait. They were all defective. The process didn’t work and Goodyear was ruined. Again.

Finally in 1839, Goodyear wandered into a general store with another failure of a formula. The crowd watched and laughed at him. (49)In a rage, he began to shake his fist, flinging a piece of his rubber onto the hot stove top.

After inspecting the charred remains, he realized that he had just found a way to make durable, weatherproof rubber. (50) Despite what we’re sure were numerous failed "now let’s try setting this on fire to see if it improves it!" experiments, an empire was born.

(47)The man spent time in and out of prison, lost every friend he had and starved his children in his tireless pursuit of a per form of rubber.