问题 阅读理解与欣赏

我爱牵牛花

       去年,我家院子里种了许多牵牛花。它的嫩叶、花朵缀满了篱笆,把我家院子打扮得像一座美丽的别墅。     

       牵牛花最乐于攀登,勇敢地越过障碍,向着高处攀登。它那纤细而坚韧的茎蔓,在篱笆上千方百计地穿过缝隙,围着篱笆杆缠呀缠,盘呀盘,把篱笆编织得不透风,就像巧姑娘在用竹篾纺织花篮,叉似在飞针走线制作美丽的刺绣。距篱笆不远处有一棵挺拔的柏树。牵牛花探出头,竟爬上了树干,一直爬到树梢,然后又 围着树冠缠绕。慢慢地,它竟盘踞了整株柏树。      

       牵牛花的攀登,是脚踏实地的。它把自己的身体全部缠绕在篱笆上,一点儿也不游离。它缠住葵花杆儿时,随着葵花的生长,竟把葵花杆勒下一道道深沟。 多大的缠劲和韧劲啊!     

       牵牛花一生一直在攀登,直到霜打叶落,生命到了最后一息才罢休。到了深秋,它虽然枯萎了,却给人留下了那粒粒饱满的种子,黑如乌金,白似碎玉一一这是一味治疗疾病的良药。     

       牵牛花是平凡的。它奋斗一生,把花朵和果实留给人类。不屈不挠的牵牛花,多像一位不畏艰险、攀登不止的勇士啊!这样可爱的花,怎能不让人喜爱呢?

1.在下列画线的字的正确读音下面画“       ”。   

      别(shù  shì yě)    不屈不(rǎo   náo)

      树(guān   guàn)    脚实地(tā   tà) 

2.用“        ”画出一个比喻句,用“====”画出一个反问句,用“﹏﹏”画出一个拟人句。 

3.牵牛花攀登的特点有:①                             ;②                             ;③                                       。

答案

l.shù    náo    guān    tà   

2.比喻句:不屈不挠的牵牛花,多像一位不畏艰险、攀登不止的勇士呀!   

     反问句:这样可爱的花,怎能不让人喜爱呢?

     拟人句:牵牛花最乐于攀登,勇敢地越过障碍,向着高处攀登。   

3.越过障碍向着高处攀登      脚踏实地     一生都在攀登

选择题
问答题

(46) It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.
"That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. (47) However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.
The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain ages; in essence, they have more brain tissue to spare.
(48) Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women aged 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrink age of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.
"Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. "People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting in adulthood."
There is, however, a "remarkable range "of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain tissue loss throughout adulthood.
In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.
(49) Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage.
Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters 11 more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.
Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. (50) In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.