问题 问答题

乙公司是一家历史悠久的英国奶制品公司,业务遍布欧洲、亚洲和美洲,其规模在英国同行业排行第二。乙公司生产的主要产品包括婴儿奶粉、全脂成人奶粉、各类乳酪制品,并一直使用单一品牌在各地市场上销售。乙公司在英国总部聘用了400余名营销人员,分别负责各地区的销售业务。大多数营销人员的大部分时间均出差在外国,与当地大型超市及经销商洽谈业务。乙公司生产总部的厂房与农场均设于英国市郊,采用劳动密集型的生产及包装模式。乙公司各生产线的生产成本占公司总运营成本的30%,比同行业平均水平高约5%。近年来,某些地区兴起以瘦为美的理念、崇尚多样化口味的饮料等,导致奶制品市场竞争激烈。由于乙公司未能对各个地区市场变化采取应对措施,导致其总体市场份额和利润率均下降10%以上,在成人奶粉细分市场的份额下降了20%。经研究分析,最高管理层发现乙公司在战略制定、内部组织结构和经营管理等方面存在缺陷,急需进行调整。最高管理层决定在乙公司内推行全新的运营模式,并拟将总部直接管理各地区业务的业务管理模式调整为区域事业部制的组织结构。要求:(1)简述选择战略变革的时机的三种类型,并确定乙公司战略变革时机的所属类型。(2)简要分析乙公司在成人奶粉市场面对的挑战,并提出可以增强乙公司竞争优势的可选战略建议。(3)简要分析乙公司实施"区域事业部制"组织结构的好处,并提出乙公司应如何组织"区域事业部制"组织结构的建议。

答案

参考答案:

(1)战略变革的时机选择主要有三种:第一、提前性变革。指的是管理者能及时地预测到未来的危机,提前进行必要的战略变革。第二、反应性变革。指的是企业已经存在有形的可感觉到的危机,并且已经为过迟变革付出了一定的代价。第三、危机性变革。指的是企业己经存在根本性的危机,再不进行战略变革,企业将面临倒闭和破产。根据案例材料可知,由于某些地区兴起以瘦为美的理念、崇尚多样化口味的饮料等,导致奶制品市场竞争激烈。而该公司未能对各个地区市场变化采取应对措施,导致其总体市场份额和利润率均下降10%以上,在成人奶粉细分市场的份额下降了20%,但尚未达到破产的境地。这意味着该公司已经存在有形的可感觉到的危机,并且已经为过迟变革付出了一定的代价,因此判断属于反应性变革。(2)根据案例材料可知,在成人奶粉市场上,出现了某些地区兴起以瘦为美的理念、崇尚多样化口味的饮料等变化趋势,从而导致该企业总体市场份额和利润率均下降10%以上,在成人奶粉细分市场的份额下降了20%。针对这种情况,该公司可以采取的战略如下:第一,采用集中差异化的战略,针对以瘦为美的消费理念变化和崇尚多样化口味的饮料等变化趋势,研发出低脂、并具有独特口味的奶制品,不断改善自身的市场份额。第二,采用成本领先战略。由于乙公司生产总部的厂房与农场均设于英国市郊,采用劳动密集型的生产及包装模式。各生产线的生产成本占公司总运营成本的30%,比同行业平均水平高约5%。所以该公司也可以同时采取措施降低成本,例如将厂房搬离市郊,设在离市场较近的地方;对现有生产及包装模式进行改造,采用现代化的生产及包装模式以改善效率,降低成本等。(3)乙公司实施区域事业部的主要好处是:①在企业与其客户的联系上,区域事业部制能实现更好更快的地区决策;②建立地区工厂或办事处会削减成本费用;③有利于该企业进行海外经营时应对各种环境变化。针对该企业的实际经营状况,该公司可以设置亚洲、美洲、欧洲和英国四个事业部,分别负责亚洲、美洲、欧洲(英国之外的其他欧洲国家)和英国本土的相关事务。

判断题
阅读理解

The iPhone, the iPad: each of Apple’s products sounds cool and has become a fad(一时的风尚). Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” –-- and many other brands are following suit. The BBC’s iPlayer --- which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet ---used the title in 2008. A lovely bear --- popular in the US and UK --- that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”. A slimmed-down version(简装本) of London’s Independent newspaper was started last week under the name “i”.

In general, single-letter prefixes(前缀) have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce(电子商务) first came into use.

Most “i” products are targeted at (针对)young people and considering the major readers of Independent’s“ i”, it’s no surprise that they’ve selected this fashionable name.

But it’s hard to see what’s so special about the letter “i”. Why not use “a”, “b”, or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language Center at King’s College, London, “i” works because its meaning has become ambiguous. When Apple uses “i”, no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. “Even when Apple created the iPod, it seems it didn’t have one clear definition(定义),” he says.

“However, thanks to Apple, the term is now connected with portability (轻便) .”adds Thorne.

Clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual. Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for this reason.

Along with “Google” and “blog”, readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade(十年).

But as history shows, people grow tired of fads. From the 1900s to 1990s, products with “2000” in their names became fashionable as the year was connected with all things advanced and modern. However, as we entered the new century, the fashion disappeared.

小题1:People use iPlayer to __________.

A.listen to music

B.make a call

C.watch TV programs online

D.read newspapers小题2:We can infer that the Independent’s “i” is designed for _________.

A.young readers

B.old readers

C.fashionable women

D.engineers小题3:The underlined word “ambiguous” means “__________”.

A.popular

B.uncertain

C.clear

D.unique小题4: Nowadays, the “i” term often reminds people of the products which are __________.

A.portable

B.environmentally friendly

C.advanced

D.recyclable小题5:The writer suggests that __________.

A.“i” products are often of high quality

B.iTeddy is alive bear

C.the letter “b” replaces letter “i” to name the products

D.the popularity of “i” products may not last long