问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

下列感染性休克的临床特点,错误的是()。

A.主要是由革兰阴性菌内毒素诱发,革兰阳性菌一般不诱发感染性休克

B.临床可表现为体温>38℃,心率>90次/分,呼吸性碱中毒(PaCO2>35mmHg),呼吸>20次/分,白细胞>12×109/L,血小板低下或弥散性血管内凝血

C.临床特征是血流动力学改变、心肌抑制、器官灌注改变、细胞能量代谢障碍、氧利用障碍、器官功能不全或衰竭

D.按血流动力学改变,分为低动力型(低排高阻型)和高动力型(高排低阻型)

E.治疗原则是控制感染和消除感染源、补充血容量、纠正水电解质失衡和酸碱紊乱、应用血管活性药支持循环、维护重要器官功能、应用糖皮质激素

答案

参考答案:A

解析:细菌是引起感染性休克的主要原因。早期的观念普遍认为革兰阴性菌为感染性休克的主要原因,而由革兰阳性菌引起者较少见。但目前的研究认为,两者均可引起感染性休克,并且在血流动力学的改变与预后方面亦无真正意义上的差别。

多项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

    It takes many years for you to grow up. There are two periods in your life when you grow rapidly. The

first period begins right after you are born and lasts until you are about six months old. The second period

starts when you reach the age of 13. First, girls grow faster than boys, then boys catch up and grow faster

and stronger.

    Your head stops growing earlier than the rest of you. By the time you are ten, your head is nearly full size.

The bones of your arms and legs are short when you are a baby. When you reach the age of nine, your bones

starts to grow rapidly, and will keep growing until you reach your full height (高度).

    Besides growing taller, your body changes in other ways. When a boy is about 13 years old, his voice begins

to get deeper and he may begin to grow a beard (胡子). At about the age of 13, a girl's body begins to function (运行) like a woman's. Some important changes are taking place, changes that makes it possible for boys and

girls, when they are older, to become fathers and mothers.

1. The first period in your life when you grow very rapidly ______. [ ]

A. lasts about thirteen years

B. lasts about six months

C. doesn't begin until you are about six months old

D. begins when you are six months old

2. Your head nearly stop growing ______. [ ]

A. when you are born

B. when you are ten years old

C. when you are thirteen years old

D. when you are six months old

3. About the age of 13, a child ______. [ ]

A. stops growing

B. reaching his full height

C. begins to grow a beard

D. begins to change in other ways

4. The meaning of the last sentence is that ______. [ ]

A. boys and girls are not sure to become fathers and mothers when they are old

B. it is necessary for boys and girls to become fathers and mothers when they grow up

C. boys and girls must have some important changes before they grow up

D. it is important that boys and girls should become fathers and mothers when they are older