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某人站在一平台上，用长L=0.5m着轻细线拴一个质量为m=0.5kg着小球，让y在竖直平面内以O点为圆心做圆周运动，当小球转到最高点A时，人突然撒手．经0.8s小球落右，落右点B与A点着水平距离BC=t.8m，不计空气阻力，g=10m/s2．求：

（1）A点距右面高度．

（2）小球离开最高点时着线速度及角速度大小．

（3）人撒手前小球运动到A点时，绳对球着拉力大小．

答案

（1）人突然撒手后小球做平抛运动，则A点距地面高度hAC=

1
2
gt2=5×0.64m=3.2m

    （2）小球离开最高点时的线速度vA=

BC
t
=6m/s

        角速度大小ω=

vA
L
=10rad/s

    （3）人撒手前小球运动到A点时，设小球所受拉力为T，

      则有：T+mg=m

v2A
L

代入解得T=30N

答：（1）A点距地面高度为3.2m．

    （2）小球离开最高点时的线速度为6m/s，角速度大小10rad/s．

    （3）人撒手前小球运动到A点时，绳对球的拉力大小为30N．

综合题

（36分）从隋朝开始的科举制在中国延续了1300多年，至1905年被宣布废除。阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一 （隋创进士科之后）历代踵行，时加修正，以迄于明清，防闲之法益密，取人之道益公……

——邓嗣禹《中国考试制度史》

材料二 （科举制）西国莫不慕之，近代渐设考试以取人才，而为学优则仕之举。今英、法、美均已见端，将来必至推广。

——丁韪良《西学考略》

材料三 贫若子弟，类皆廉谨自勉，埋首窗下……即纨绔子弟，亦知苦读，以获科第，否则虽富不荣……因此之故，前清时代，无分冬夏，几于书声遍野，夜静三更，钻研制义。是皆科举鼓励之功有甚于今日十万督学之力也。

——邓嗣禹《中国考试制度史》

材料四 邑聚千数百童生，擢十数人为生员；省聚万数千生员，而拔百数十人为举人；天下聚数千举人，而拔百数人为进士；复于百数进士，而拔数十人入翰林，此其选之精也。然内政外交，治兵理财，无一能举者，则以科举之试以诗文楷法取士，学非所用、用非所学故也。

——梁启超《公车上书请变通科举折》

材料五  1905年全国工矿企业已达400家左右，铁路、轮船等新式交通事业也逐渐兴办，这些无疑需要大量科学技术人才来操作和管理。同时，新式学堂的急剧增加需要众多的具有新知识的教师；清末新政中增设的许多政府机构如外交部、商部、学部……等，也都需要懂得相关专业的干员。显然，科举制无法培养、选拔这类新式人才。

——徐辉《废除科举制与中国社会的现代转型》

（1）据材料一，归纳科举制的主要特点。（6分）

（2）据材料二、三并结合所学知识，归纳科举制的积极影响。（10分）

（3）据材料四，概括梁启超对科举选才的基本看法。分析梁启超上述议论的目的。（10分）

（4）在近代，科举制“西国莫不慕之”，而在中国却难逃被废除的命运。综合上述材料并结合所学知识加以评述。（10分）
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What are the challenges facing multinationals that want to build their brands in China —I think the first thing is ignorance. There’s a huge (1) of the complexity in China, which is more complex than Europe. There are different rules of law, which (2) a significant factor. There are different (3) , Cantonese and Mandarin and lots of others in (4) , and dialects like Sichuan versions. You have problems of distribution. (5) Chinese brands have been (6) local because of the size of the market and the transportation system, What’s (7) built up there is a sort of a pride in localness.
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How are local Chinese brands doing against the multinationals —China’s been built (16) local brands and there are a billion of them and they are (17) spending sums of money locally that really dominate the (18) . But the future is Chinese brands moving outside of (19) and marketing globally, because China’s got to move from a commodity economy to a (20) sophisticated economy, which fundamentally (21) brands. There isn’t a major economy in the world that (22) based upon producing great brands, because they provide far better margins and more sustainable (23) .
Has Asia produced any truly global brands —Japan has. Some of the major companies (24) do really very well with brands. In Korea, some of them (25) but some of them need to catch up in terms of understanding how to really build global brands.
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