问题 材料分析题

着人们生活水平的提高,养宠物狗成为了一种时尚,但随之而来的是:在公园里、居民小区里狗粪随处可见,狗叫声影响了人们的正常休息,更有甚者,还发生了多起狗伤人的恶性事件,群众对此怨声载道,虽然政府也出台了多个相关规定,但仍有人我行我素。

(1)上述现象是一种什么行为?

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(2)产生这一现象的原因有哪些?

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(3)我们应如何做到尊重社会?

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(4)你从中得到了哪些启示?

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答案

(1)破坏环境,扰乱社会秩序,侵犯人身权利的违法行为,要受到法律制裁。也是不道德行为,应该受到人们的谴责。

(2)不尊重社会、尊重道德,不遵纪守法。

(3)小区生活是一个集体生活,在集体交往中要学会互相关心、互相帮助,尤其要学会换位思考,能够与人为善,真诚待人。

(4)“略”

单项选择题
问答题

A couple of years ago a group of management scholars from Yale and the University of Pittsburgh tried to discover if there was a link between a company’s success and the personality of its boss. (46)To work out what that personality was, they asked senior managers to score their bosses for such traits as an ability to communicate an exciting vision of the future or to stand as a good model for others to follow. When the data were analyzed, the researchers found no evidence of a connection between how well a firm was doing and what its boss was like. As far as they could tell, a company could not be judged by its chief executive any better than a book could be judged by its cover.
(47)A few years before this, however, a team of psychologists from Tufts University, led by Nalini Ambady, discovered that when people watched two-second-long film-clips of professors lecturing, they were pretty good at determining how able a teacher each professor actually was.
Now, Dr Ambady and her colleague, Nicholas Rule, have taken things a step further. (48)They have shown that even a still photograph can convey a lot of information about competence—and that it can do so in a way which suggests the assessments of all those senior managers were nonsense.
Dr Ambady and Mr. Rule showed 100 undergraduates the faces of the chief executives of the top 25 and the bottom 25 companies in the Fortune 1,000 list. Half the students were asked how good they thought the person they were looking at would be at leading a company and half were asked to rate five personality traits on the basis of the photograph. (49) These traits were competence, dominance, likability, facial maturity (in other words, did the individual have an adult-looking face or a baby-face) and trustworthiness.
And Dr Ambady and Mr. Rule were surprised by just how accurate the students’ observations were. The results of their study, which are about to be published in Psychological Science, show that both the students’ assessments of the leadership potential of the bosses and their ratings for the traits of competence, dominance and facial maturity were significantly related to a company’s profits.
(50)Sadly, the characteristics of likability and trustworthiness appear to have no link to company profits, suggesting that when it comes to business success, being warm and fuzzy does not matter much (though these traits are not harmful).