问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

不属于慢性脓胸病因的是()

A.肺泡破裂,气体通过裂孔进入胸腔内

B.急性脓胸处理不当

C.脓腔内有异物存留

D.合并支气管或食管瘘而未及时处理

E.有特殊病原菌存在

答案

参考答案:A

解析:慢性脓胸的主要原因为:①急性脓胸未及时治疗,逐渐进入慢性期;②急性脓胸处理不当,如引流太迟、引流管拔除过早、引流管过细、引流位置不恰当等而致排脓不畅;③脓腔内有异物存留,如弹片、死骨、棉球、引流管残段等,使胸膜腔内感染难以控制;④合并支气管或食管瘘而未及时处理;与胸膜腔比邻的慢性病灶,如膈下脓肿、肝脓肿、肋骨骨髓炎等感染的反复传入,致脓腔不能闭合;⑤有特殊病原菌存在,如结核菌、放线菌等慢性炎症,导致纤维层增厚、肺膨胀不全,使脓腔长期不愈。而A为自发性气胸的病因,故选A。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Deflation is an economic theory relating changes in the price levels to changes in the quantity of money. In its developed (1) , it constitutes an analysis of the (2) underlying inflation and deflation. As (3) by the English philosopher John Locke in the 17th century, the Scottish (4) David Hume in the 18th century, and (5) , it was a weapon (6) the mercantilists, who were thought to equate wealth with money. If the (7) of money by a nation merely raised (8) , argued the quantity theorists, then a "favourable" balance of trade, (9) desired by mercantilists, would increase the supply of money but would not in-crease (10) . In the 19th century the quantity theory (11) to the ascendancy of free trade over protectionism. In the 19th and 20th centuries it played a part in the (12) of business cycles and in the theory of foreign (13) rates.

The (14) theory came under attack during the 1930s, (15) monetary expansion seemed ineffective in combating deflation. Economists argued that the levels of investment and government spending were more important than the money supply in determining economic activity.

The tide of opinion (16) again in the 1960s, when experience (17) post-World WarⅡ inflation and new empirical (18) of money and prices— (19) A Monetary History of the United States (1963) by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz—restored much of the quantity theory’ s lost prestige. One implication of this theory is that the size of the stock of money must be considered when shaping governmental policies (20) to control prices and maintain full employment.

16()

A.reversed

B.occurred

C.emerged

D.finished