问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面这首宋词,然后回答问题。(8分)

唐多令

邓剡

雨过水明霞,湖回岸带沙。叶声寒,飞透窗纱。堪恨西风吹世换,更吹我,落天涯。

寂寞古豪华,乌衣日又斜。说兴亡,燕入谁家?惟有南来无数雁,和明月,宿芦花。

【注】邓剡(yǎn),字光荐,一说字中甫,庐陵(今江西省吉安市)人,他曾参加文天祥领导的抗元斗争,是一个有爱国心,有民族气节的人。这首《唐多令》是宋亡之后他被俘过建康(今江苏南京)所作。

小题1:这首词蕴含着丰富的情感,请简要概括。(3分)

小题2:词的上下阕分别运用了什么表达技巧.请结合诗歌内容作简要赏析。(5分)

答案

小题1:借秋意袭人来表现兵败被俘、丧家失国的伤感;借南京的萧条感叹人生的寂寞、衰歇;借燕子飞入新巢,喻指许多南宋遗民变节奉敌,悲慨之中,怀有深深的嘲讽,也借此表明他不仕新朝,坚守节操的心声;通过“惟有南来无数雁,和明月,宿芦花。”寄寓了他对乱离中的人民怀着无限同情。(写出三点即可,每点1分)

小题2:上片开头勾勒出一幅凄凉的黄昏秋江图,寓情于景,借景抒情,倾吐了心中的亡国之痛。“堪恨西风吹世换,更吹我,落天涯”具有象征(或比喻)的作用,作者把蒙古统治集团比作强横的西风,把自己比做被西风吹落天涯的枯叶,既表达了亡国之痛,又表现了飘零之感。下片“寂寞古豪华,乌衣日又斜”用典,借历史上乌衣巷的兴衰,唐代诗人刘禹锡“乌衣巷口夕阳斜”的诗句,更深切地表达了对宋王朝的覆亡的慨叹。“惟有南来无数雁,和明月,宿芦花”用比喻。通过燕、雁等比喻物,表现了作者对乱离中的人民的无限同情。(上下片各说出一种,即可得5分)

小题1:

题目分析:

词的上片写景。傍晚,刚下过一场雨,晚霞映得水面分外明亮。潮水退下去了,岸边留下层层沙痕。风吹落叶,带来寒意,而这寒意透过窗纱侵入室内,使屋子的主人感到在西风的催逼之下,季节已由夏入秋。同时,也使主人怜惜这些飘零的秋叶,将与自己一样沦落天涯。“懊恨”,是懊恼可恨的意思。“催世换”的“世”,在这里双关时世,借季节的变换来暗示朝代的更替。“天涯”,比喻极遥远的地方。“落天涯”就是流落、飘泊于天涯的意思。这时南宋灭亡了,广大人民处于异族的压迫之下,不少人流离失所,无家可归,所以,风吹落叶的情景,就格外容易使人联想起汉民族的不幸遭遇。邓剡用“懊恨”一词,表明了他对催换季节的西风(隐喻灭亡宋朝的元人)的不满和愤恨。

如果说上片是在写景中隐含着亡国之痛,那么,下片就是更直截了当地写这种哀痛的感情了。

“寂寞古豪华”以下四句,是剪裁和改写了唐人刘禹锡的有名诗篇:“朱雀桥边野草花,乌衣巷口夕阳斜。旧时王谢堂前燕,飞入寻常百姓家”。朱雀桥、乌衣巷都是金陵城里的地名,是晋代大贵族王家、谢家世代聚居的地方。随着王朝的变迁,这些原先声势显赫的大族,相继败亡。寄居在这里的燕子年年飞来寻找原地筑巢,可是房子的主人早已不再是王、谢大族,而是寻常百姓了。邓剡写这首词时,正在南宋亡后的金陵,所以很自然地借用这首唐诗的意境,比喻南宋的覆亡。这四句的意思是说:在残破凄凉的金陵城下,古代的豪华景象消逝得无影无踪了。惨淡的夕阳,照着乌衣巷口。南宋灭亡后侥幸活下来的人,谈论着时代的又一次更替,慨叹又有多少人家破人亡,竟使年年飞来的燕子,找不到栖身之处了。

词的最后三句,作者又把笔触落到眼前的景物上来:秋季来临,燕子都飞走了,只剩下南来的无数大雁,在明月的辉映下,露宿在芦花之中。这幅凄凉孤苦的图景和作者痛伤亡国的感慨之情完全融会在一起,收到了感人的艺术效果。

小题2:

题目分析:

邓氏此词以感情沉郁和风格清奇取胜。上片“寓情于景”。下片“以喻见意”,通过寒叶、西风、乌衣苍、明月、芦花等 ,表达了他作为作者的主体感受。全词如一幅清丽而寓意深刻的画卷,让欣赏者感到精神上的愉悦和满足。这首词写景抒情融为一体,运用了典故、比喻,深化主题,耐人寻味。

单项选择题

Questions 26~30


It was books that first captured my imagination about faraway places. TV travelogues always seemed the poor relation to the classic written accounts, although of course the pictures were rather better. And then there was the issue of authenticity. All those pretentious theatrical types dying of thirst in the desert, as if we didn’t realize there was a camera crew on hand to cater for their every need. These days programme-makers know that the audience is more sophisticated and the presence of the camera is acknowledged. But can a journey with filming equipment ever be anything other than a cleverly constructed fiction
I recently got the chance to find out, when I was asked to present two one-hour programmes for an adventure travel series. The project was the brainchild of the production company Trans-Atlantic Films, which wanted the series presented by writers and adventurers, as well as TV professionals. My sole qualification was as a journalist specialising in "adventure" travel. However, I was thought to have "on-screen" potential.
The first programme was filmed in Costa Rica. Within 24 hours of my arrival, I realized that this was going to be very different from my usual "one man and his laptop" expeditions. For a start, there were five of us—director, cameraman, sound recordist, producer and presenter. And then there was the small matter of £100,000 worth of equipment. I soon realized that the director, Peter Macpherson, was a vastly experienced adventure film-maker. In his case, the term "adventure" meant precisely that. "Made a film with X," he would say (normally a famous mountaineer or skier), before describing a death-defying sequence at the top of a glacier in Alaska or hand-gliding off the Angel Falls in Venezuela. Invariably, these reminiscences would end with the words: "Had a great deal of respect for X. Dead now, sadly... "
Part of the brief for the series was to put the presenter in unusual situations and see how he or she coped. One such sequence was the night we spent in the rainforest canopy near the National Park in Guanacaste province. I don’t have a head for heights and would make a poor rock-climber, so my distress is real enough as the camera catches me dangling on a rope some 30 metres up, well short of the canopy platform.
Ironically, it was the presence of the camera, looking down on me from above, that gave me the impetus for the final push to the top. By this time, I’d learnt how "sequences" were cut together and realized that one last effort was required. I had to struggle to stay coherent while the camera swooped within a few millimeters of my face for my reaction In the end, it was a magical experience, hightened all the more by the sounds of the forest—a family of howler monkeys in a nearby tree, amplified through the sound recordist’s headphones.
Learning how to establish a rapport with the camera is vital and it took me a while to think of it as a friend rather than a judge and jury. The most intimidating moments were when Peter strolled up to me, saying that the light would only be right for another 10 minutes, and that he needed a "link" from one sequence to another. The brief was simple. It needed to be 30 seconds long, sum up my feelings, be informative, well-structured and, most important of all, riveting to watch "Ready to go in about five minutes" he would say breezily.

Shortly after arriving in Costa Rica, the writer became aware that ______.

A. the director had a reputation that was undeserved
B. he would probably dislike working as part of a team rather than alone
C. he would probably get on well with the director personally
D. his role in the filming would be likely to involve real danger

多项选择题