问题 问答题

某同学在一次“测定金属的电阻率”的实验中,用米尺测量金属丝的接入长度为l,用螺旋测微器测量金属丝直径(刻度位置如图1所示),用伏安法测出金属丝的电阻(阻值大约为6Ω),然后根据电阻定律计算出该金属材料的电阻率.

在用伏安法测定金属丝的电阻时,除被测电阻丝外,还有如下实验器材:

A.直流电源:电动势约3V,内阻很小;

B.电流表A:量程0~0.6A,内阻约为0.125Ω;

C.电压表V:量程0~3V,内阻约3kΩ;

D.滑动变阻器:最大阻值20Ω;0.5A

E.开关、导线等.

(1)从图中读出金属丝的直径d为______mm;

(2)根据所提供的器材,在如图2所示的方框中画出测定金属丝电阻率的实验电路图;

(3)若根据伏安法测出电阻丝的阻值为R,则这种金属材料的电阻率的表达式为______.

答案

(1)从图中读出金属丝的直径为d=0.5mm+43.5×0.01mm=0.935mm

(2)因测量金属丝的电阻率电流不能太大,由I=

E
R+r
结合电流表读数原理,电流表应满足偏转一半以上,故总电阻大于10Ω小于5Ω,可见滑动变阻器可以用限流式;由于待测电阻的电阻值较小,电流表应用外接法,电路图如图所示;

(3)根据欧姆定律,有:R=

U
I

根据电阻定律,有:R=ρ

L
S

其中:S=

1
4
πd2

所以 ρ=

πRd2
4l

故答案为:(1)d=0.935;(2)电路图如图所示;(3)表达式 ρ=

πRd2
4l

完形填空
完形填空。
                                                    Colors and Our Feelings 
    Color is very important in our life. It has a lot   1   with our feelings. So colors are sometimes called 
  2  , cool or neutral (中性的). Red and yellow are warm colors   3   they make a room feel warmer.
They also make the walls seem   4   to us than they really are. We say   5   blue and green arecold. They
can give us different feelings-the room feels cooler and the walls seem to be farther away. A neutral color
   6   one that does not affect our feelings. Brown and gray   7   neutral, but they may also be put into
warm or cool color that affect our feelings. 
       8   is important to choose the right colors we want. Though red might be very good for a restaurant,
it would be wrong   9   an art gallery (画廊). People want to look at the pictures, not the walls behind. White
is used to make a small room look larger.  10  a room is very small, we can use white color for the walls.

( )1. A. to do      
(     )2. A. dark      
(     )3. A. when      
(     )4. A. near      
(     )5. A. what      
(     )6. A. are        
(     )7. A. neither is 
(     )8. A. It         
(     )9. A. in        
(     )10. A. But       

B. do         
B. bright     
B. why       
B. more near 
B. that       
B. is         
B. is neither    
B. He         
B. at         
B. If         
C. does    
C. hot    
C. after  
C. nearer  
C. if      
C. was    
C. are both     
C. That    
C. under  
C. So      
D. doing       
D. warm      
D. because 
D. nearest   
D. whether                          
D. were    
D. both are  
D. What        
D. for     
D. Until     
单项选择题