问题 问答题

氯气(Cl2,有毒)是重要的化工产品,可用于生产漂白精(有效成分为Ca(ClO)2)等.

(1)工业上用Cl2与碱反应制取漂白精.Ca(ClO)2中氯元素的化合价为______.

(2)四月中旬,重庆天原化工总厂发生氯气泄露事故,消防官兵通过向空中喷洒溶质质量分数为10%的溶液(形成“水幕”)消除空气中的氯气.该溶液的溶质可能是______.

A、氯化氢          B、氢氧化钠C、氯化钠

(3)重庆天原化工总厂通过电解饱和食盐水生产Cl2(同时得到氢气和氢氧化钠).请写出该反应的化学方程式:______.

答案

(1)根据在化合物中正负化合价代数和为零,钙元素显+2,氧元素显-2,设氯元素的化合价是x,可知Ca(ClO)2中氯元素的化合价:(+2)+2x+(-2)×2=0,则x=+1.

(2)根据题意,消防官兵通过向空中喷洒溶质质量分数为10%的溶液(形成“水幕”)消除空气中的氯气,氯气不能与氯化氢、氯化钠发生反应,氯气可能与氢氧化钠发生化学反应,故该溶液的溶质可能是氢氧化钠溶液.

(3)根据电解饱和食盐水生成氢气、氯气(Cl2)和烧碱,可知反应为通电条件下,氯化钠和水反应生成氢气、氯气(Cl2)和氢氧化钠三种物质,该反应的化学方程式为2NaCl+2H2O

 通电 
.
 
2NaOH+Cl2↑+H2↑.

故答案为:(1)+1;(2)B;(3)2NaCl+2H2O

 通电 
.
 
2NaOH+Cl2↑+H2↑.

完形填空
完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
Having a few days off always sounds so great. Everyone needs a   1 . And so does US President.US President Barack Obama went on holiday with his family in   2  in 2011. Where did they go and did the first family enjoy   3 ? Now, Obama is trying to   4  his experience (经历) with us. Let’s listen to him.
“We travelled to Honolulu, Hawaii, in December 2011 for   5 . Of course we went there by air. We spent 17 days there. Hawaii is my hometown. We had a wonderful time there. This was one of the   6  vacations in my life.
My wife Michelle and I visited US Marines (海军) and their families in Hawaii on Christmas Day. I   7  held the eight-month-old baby of a captain in my arms.
I also spent part of Christmas Eve playing golf with my old friends from Hawaii and some White House staff.
I went to Hanauma Bay Nature Park with my   8  daughters. That’s our favourite place. We dived there,   9  set four sea turtles free.
We all had a good time. And both my daughters said that they wanted to go there for a   10 time later.”
小题1:
A.friendB.weekendC.jobD.vacation
小题2:
A.winterB.autumnC.summerD.spring
小题3:
A.himselfB.themselvesC.ourselvesD.yourselves
小题4:
A.tellB.showC.shareD.solve
小题5:
A.EasterB.Christmas
C.HalloweenD.Thanksgiving Day
小题6:
A.sweetestB.worstC.saddestD.cheapest
小题7:
A.tooB.stillC.evenD.as well
小题8:
A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four
小题9:
A.orB.soC.butD.and
小题10:
A.fourthB.thirdC.secondD.first
单项选择题