问题 填空题

海水是丰富的资源宝库,从海水中提取元素是化学工业的重要组成部分。

(1)粗盐精制就是除去其中的Ca2+、Fe3+、SO42-及泥沙等杂质,需加入的试剂有:①Na2CO3溶液 ②HCl(盐酸) ③Ba(OH)2溶液,这三种试剂的添加顺序是_________(填序号)。

(2)用氯气进行“海水提溴”中制取溴单质反应的离子方程式为:__________。

(3)某同学设计了如图装置进行以下电化学实验。

①当开关K与a连接时,两极均有气泡产生,则阴极为_______极。

②一段时间后,使开关K与a断开、与b连接时,虚线框内的装置可称为__________。请写出此时Fe电极上的电极反应式_________________。

(4)某公厂向盛有CaSO4悬浊液的反应池中通入氨气欲制取氮肥(NH42SO4,效果不好。再通入CO2,则逐渐产生大量(NH42SO4。请分析其原因

答案

(1)③①②(2分)  

(2)Cl2+2Br=2Cl+Br2(2分)

(3)①Fe(或铁)(2分) 

②原电池(2分),Fe-2e+2OH= Fe(OH)2↓(3分)

(4)CO2溶于氨水产生大量CO32-:CO2+2NH3·H2O =(NH42CO3+ H2O(1分) ,CO32-与硫酸钙反应产生溶度积常数更小的碳酸钙沉淀:CaSO4(s)+CO32-(aq)= CaCO3(s)+SO42-(aq)(2分),使硫酸钙的沉淀溶解平衡向溶解的方向移动(3分),从而产生大量(NH4 2SO4。(共3分)

题目分析:(1)Na2CO3既除去Ca2+,还除去过量的Ba(OH)2,过量的Na2CO3由盐酸除掉,所以顺序为:③①②。

(3)①因为两电极均有气泡产生,Fe电极只能作阴极;

②开关K与a断开、与b连接时,形成原电池。

(4)分析、对比Ksp可以看出CaCO3更难溶,所以通入CO2与氨水生成(NH4)2CO3,CO32‾使CaSO4转化为(NH4 2SO4

阅读理解

Having learned much about the War of Resistance against Japan, Mao Jingxin didn’t like the Japanese when she was a child. “I thought they were cruel and rude,” said the 18-year-old girl from Hebei Province. But she began to change her mind after she met some Japanese teenagers in a history museum six years ago. These fashionable high school students looked seriously at the history displays and talked to Mao in a friendly way. “I found that they are not bad as I thought,” she said.

Like Mao, many Chinese teenagers’ are caught up in this confusion. A survey by 21st Century Teens shows about 51 per cent of Chinese teenagers say they dislike Japan. But most of them still want to have a Japanese friend. Also, Japan lies third on their list of Asian countries that they want to visit, following Singapore and South Korea. Teens did a survey just before the 60th anniversary of the victory day of the War of Resistance against Japan, which fell on September 3. The survey aimed to encourage understanding and communication between young Chinese and Japanese.

Teens also wanted to understand Chinese teenagers’ attitudes towards Japan, and how much they actually know about the country. As Teens found, more than 60 per cent of Chinese teenagers learn about Japan through the media or books. Only 16 per cent have ever met a Japanese person.

“Most of my friends hate Japan for what it did to China during World War II. But people should not live in hatred. I think the best way to figure it out is to have contact with the Japanese people myself,” Zhang Yuyuan, a Senior 2 girl, told us in the survey.

Jin Xide, professor of the Chinese Academy of Social Science, says that China and Japan actually had a peaceful relationship during the 1970s and 1980s. Since the 1990s, the growth of Japan’ s right-wing forces has caused great difficulties. “We have to be strong against them. But we mustn’t ignore the fact that there are far more friendly Japanese,” added Jin.

“Japan has done wrong to Asian countries including China and it has caused pain to everyone,” said Hikaru, a 17-year-old girl in Kawasaki. Having visited China four times and learned much, she understands the importance of communication between the two peoples. She plans to join in an exchange programme with Chinese youth. “Welcome to Japan, my Chinese friends!” She says it with a smile.

64. Most teenagers hate Japanese because _______.

A. the Japanese they meet are cruel

B. the Japanese were cruel during the war

C. they look too fashionable

D. the Japanese don’t want to communicate with Chinese people

65. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the survey?

A. Only a small percentage of teenagers have met a Japanese.

B. More than half of the teenagers in the survey don’t like the Japanese.

C. Singapore is one of the most popular Asian tourist places for Chinese teenagers.

D. Most Chinese teenagers learn about Japan through exchange activities.

66. According to Professor Jin, _____ is the main reason for the worse relationship between Japan and China.

A. the War of Resistance against Japan

B. lack of communication

C. Japan’s increasing right-wing force

D. Japan’s rapidly-growing economy

67. The passage is written to ______.

A. encourage Chinese teenagers to meet the Japanese

B. report what Chinese teenagers think about Japan

C. provide information about Japanese teenagers

D. give a brief introduction to the history of the War of Resistance against Japan

单项选择题