问题 单项选择题

地球上一切生命最古老的共同祖先,即第一个能够复制自身的原始细胞,是由构成宇宙间98%物质的六大元素组成的,它们是氢、氦、碳、氮、氧、氖。然而,这些无机元素是怎样形成具有生命的原始细胞的至今仍是一个谜。 1922年,苏联生化学家亚历山大·奥巴林提出一个著名的假说,生命来自闪电。太阳和地球自身的放射性能量作用于大气层中的无机分子,使之变成有机分子,它们在地球湖泊、海洋提供的“原始汤”中“定居”,发展成为原始的生命。 1950年,美国芝加哥大学第一次用实验来验证奥巴林假说。他们模拟“原始汤”,在水中加进甲烷、氨等分子,加热并通以电火花。一个星期之后,甲烷中有5%的碳变成了氨基酸分子,而氨基酸正是构成生物蛋白质的基本单位。 此后,科学家进行了许多类似的实验,不仅从无机物中得到了各种氨基酸,而且得到了核苷酸、磷脂等构成生命的重要有机分子。这样,生命起源的第一步——化学无机分子怎样变成有机分子基本上搞清楚了。 然而更困难的是第二步——有机分子怎样组成具有生物繁殖能力的细胞。 美国迈阿密大学生化学家福克斯对此进行了研究,他相信,细胞起源于一种由类蛋白组成的微球体。他将这种微球体称为前细胞,并已在实验室里得到了这种微球体。这种由氨基酸分子选择性结合而成的类蛋白微球体,具有类似细胞的功能,能新陈代谢,能自我复制,甚至对光的刺激具有类似神经信息的反应。最近,福克斯还发现,如果微球体中含较多的赖氨酸时,就能催化氨基酸链和核苷酸链的形成。 最近,英国克拉斯哥大学的化学家彻因、史密斯等人提出了生命起源于黏土理论。他认为,核糖核酸起源于黏土格。在实验中,由硅、氧、铝等元素形成的黏土晶格,能吸引周围游离的晶体,按一定规则排列分层,还能吸收和贮存环境中的能量,并释放出来。这种黏土结构像一种模板,不断复制出相同结构的黏土层。也许正是从这种黏土中,进化产生了原始的脱氧核糖核酸。看来,我们必须重新考虑生命的概念,因为任何教科书关于生命的定义都是;有高度组织,结构稳定,有适应环境能力,能自我复制。而黏土晶格模板也具有这些特征,黏土是不是具有生命呢没有人能够回答。从无生命进化到有生命的漫长过程中,还有一大段未知领域。

“类似的实验”指的是什么选出下列说法正确的一项()

A.对模拟的原始汤加热并进行电击实验

B.证明核苷酸、磷脂等是构成生命的有机分子的实验

C.促使无机分子变成有机分子的实验

D.控制电流强度,使甲烷产生氨基酸分子的实验

答案

参考答案:D

阅读理解

Bob was cutting a branch(树枝) off a tree in his garden. While he was sawing(锯), another man passed in the street. He stopped and said, “ Excuse me, but if you continue (继续)to saw(锯) that branch like that, you will fall down with it.” He said this because Bob was sitting on the branch and cutting it at a place between himself and the trunk(树干) of the tree.

Bob said nothing. He thought, “ This is some foolish(愚笨的) person who has no work to do and goes about telling other people what to do and what not to do.”

The man continued on his way. Of course, after a few minutes. The branch fell and Bob fell with it.

“My God!” he cried. “That man knows the future!” and he ran after him to ask how long he was going to live. But the man had gone.

小题1:One day Bob was cutting a branch_______a tree in his garden.

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.off小题2:While Bob was sawing, another man_______.

A.told him to stop working  

B.told him he would fall down

C.would borrow something from him  

D.would help him saw that branch小题3:After hearing the man’s words, Bob thought that________.

A.that was a foolish person.  

B.that was a wise person

C.that was a proud person

D.that fellow cheated him小题4:What happened to Bob after a few minutes?

A. The branch fell.             B. Bob fell down to the ground.

C. Bob was hurt himself.             D. Both A and B.

小题5:This story is about ________.

A.a foolish man

B.a wise man

C.cutting a tree

D.that we need to take good advice

判断题