问题 问答题 简答题

计算分析题:假如你是ABC公司的财务顾问。该公司正在考虑购买一套新的生产线,估计初始投资为3000万元,预期每年可产生500万元的税前利润(按税法规定生产线应以5年期直线法计提折旧,净残值率为10%,会计政策与此相同),并已用净现值法评价方案可行。然而,董事会对该生产线能否使用5年展开了激烈的争论。董事长认为该生产线只能使用4年,总经理认为能使用5年,还有人说类似生产线使用6年也是常见的。假设所得税税率25%,资本成本10%,无论何时报废,净残值收入均为300万元。他们请你就下列问题发表意见(计算过程中现值系数保留小数点后三位):(1)该项目可行的最短使用寿命是多少年?(假设使用年限与净现值呈线性关系,用插补法求解,计算结果保留小数点后2位)(2)他们的争论是否有意义(是否影响该生产线的购置决策)?为什么?

答案

参考答案:

(1)①若使用4年:

初始投资=3000万元

1~4年每年的营业现金流量:

净利润=500×(1-25%)=375(万元)

折旧额=3000×(1-10%)/5=540(万元)

营业现金流量=375+540=915(万元)

第4年年末终结点流量:

回收残值=300(万元)

账面净值=3000-540×4=840(万元)

清理净损失减税=(840-300)×25%=135(万元)

NPV(4)=每年营业现金流量现值+残值现值+清理净损失减税现值-原始投资

=915×3.170+300×0.683+135×0.683-3000

=3197.66-3000=197.66(万元)

②若使用3年:

初始投资=3000(万元)

1~3年每年的营业现金流量:

营业现金流量=375+540=915(万元)

第3年末终结点流量:

回收残值=300(万元)

清理净损失减税=(3000-540×3-300)×25%=270(万元)

NPV(3)=915×2.487+300×0.751+270×0.751-3000

=-296.33(万元)

利用内插法,假设最短使用寿命为n,

n=3+[296.33/(296.33+197.66)]=3+(296.33/493.98)=3.60(年)

(2)他们的争论是没有意义的。因为该生产线持续时间达到3.60年方案即为可行。

阅读理解
We wanted to study how students at our school spend money. In order to study this, we made some questions to ask our classmates. First, we asked our classmates how much money they spent in one month. Then we asked how much money they spent on things like drinks, music, books, movies, computer games, and other things. Our math teacher helped us make a graph of our classmates’ answers.
Then we thought it would be interesting to compare these answers with our classmates’ expenses from last year. We used their answers to make another graph for their expenses last year.
Looking at the two graphs, it is easy to compare the expenses for the two years. Some of their expenses increased, but others decreased. This was a very interesting project for us.
注:⑴ graph 图表  ⑵ expense消耗,消费
 
小题1: What did the students spend most of their money on?
A.Books.B.Movies.C.Drinks and snacks.D.Computer games.
小题2:Which expense of the students’ stayed the same?
A.CDs.B.Phone costs.C.Others.D.Transportation.
小题3:What does the word “decrease” mean?
A.减少B.变化C.增加D.删除
小题4:What did the students spend the same money on last year?
A.Books& OthersB.CDs & Movies C.Movies & BooksD.all the above
小题5:Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the graph?
A.Students spent the least money on e-mail and phone costs this year.
B.Students spent the same money on movies and transportation this year.
C.The expenses on e-mails and phones increased from 10% to 16% this year.
D.The expenses on others decreased from 9% to 4% this year.
单项选择题