问题 单项选择题

肥厚性梗阻性心肌病人麻醉诱导后血压由130/80mmHg降至85/60mmHg,心率由80bpm降至75bpm,首选升压药为()。

A.多巴胺

B.麻黄碱

C.头低足高体位

D.加快输液

E.盐酸去氧肾上腺素

答案

参考答案:E

完形填空

第II卷非选择题(共35分)
第一节:任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
This year, about 2,300 teenagers from all over the world will spend about 10 months in US homes. At the same time about 1,300 American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and learn the rest of the world.
Here is a 2-way student exchange in action .Fred,19, spent last year in Germany with George’s family. In turn, George’s son Mike spent a year in Fred’s home in America.
Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived .But after 2 months of studying, the language became easy for him. School was completely different from what he had expected and it was much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. They took 14 subjects instead of 6 that were usually taken in the US.
Family life ,too, was different. The father’s word was the law. All the activities were done with the family rather than individually .Fred found the food to be too simple at first. He also missed having a car.
“Back home ,you pick up some friends in a car and go out to have a good time .In Germany, you walk but you soon learn to like it .”
At the same time, in America, Mike ,a friendly German boy, was also forming his own ideas. “I suppose I should criticize American schools” he says , “It is far too easy for our level but I have to say that I like it a lot In Germany, we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many other activities. I think that maybe American schools are better than in training their citizens. There ought to be some middle ground between the two.”
Differences between American school life and German school life
Items(项目)
American students
German students
Class rules
They don’t have to stand up
They have to _76_ and show respect to their 77
78   life
They do their own things individually.
They have to listen to their 79
School 80
They have six which are very 81  to learn
They have 14 which are much more difficult
Going out
They can 82  cars
They have to 83  all the way
School activities
They have 84 other activities
They have to 85  hard all the time
 
单项选择题

(二) 阅读下面短文,回答下 * * 道题。
尘埃无处不有,虽然它们的个体很小,但汇聚起来威力却不小。据记载,北美大陆在20世纪30年代发生的一次尘暴中,狂风将美国平原的泥土大量向东吹去,有难以估计的牲畜被尘埃窒息而死。尽管如此,尘埃的积极作用却是不可低估的。悬浮在大气中的尘埃粒子,能够将太阳光中的较短光柱拦截,使其进行有规则的发散,这样,才会使天空呈现蔚蓝,在太阳升起和降落时,由于阳光穿过较低层的空间,空气中的尘埃密度大,并伴有水汽,可以吸收和反射阳光中的黄色和红色部分,因此,这时看到的太阳呈现橙色、红色和黄色。气象学家指出,在降雨时,每一个雨滴都必须有一颗尘埃参与,以它作为核心,水汽在其周围凝结,形成云、雾,再由云层形成雨点。若是纯净的空气中没有尘埃的存在,水分子无所依附,就不能形成雨滴降落。此外阳光在射向地球的时候,因受到尘埃的吸收和反射,能使地球上的生物得到适量的光照,以满足生长发育所需要。
现代科学发现,有的尘埃在一定的条件下会发生爆炸,这种现象被称作“尘炸”。据解析,能够产生尘炸的物质有粮食粉尘、砂糖、奶粉、咖啡、金属粉末以及其他非金属粉末等。物质发生爆炸,是一种剧烈的化学反应。而化学反应的速度与反应物质的颗粒大小有关。物质分散得越细,颗粒越小,它的表面积就越大。与具有固定面积的物质相比,接触空气吸附氧分子多,氧化和放热的过程都很快,反应性能就更活泼。当其中的某一质点被火点燃,就会发生连锁反应,产生爆炸。此外,易爆尘埃的颗粒越细,浓度越大,它所产生的爆炸力就会越强。当粉尘含量低于大气含氧量一半时,就不会引起爆炸,物质形成“尘炸”,还和诱因、速度等因素有关。产生“尘炸”的诱因很多,其中最主要的是摩擦冲击以及电器设备或静电产生的火花。
随着现代城市的迅速发展,人们发现尘埃已经成为一种危及环境和人类健康的污染物。流行病学家对尘埃进入人体后的机理进行研究后指出,人们在呼吸时,每次大约要吸入50万个浮游微粒;这些微粒进入人的身体后,可以一直进入肺部深处,并作为经常性刺激物留在那里,它会导致发生炎症,产生黏液,使人呼吸困难,甚至导致死亡的发生。除此之外,浮游微粒还可以向肺部传送化学污染物,而且在传送过程中,可以加速一种叫做游离基的有害物质的产生,从而进一步加剧有害物质对人体的危害程度。进入人体内的浮游微粒尘埃,主要来源于工业废弃物、汽车尾气及建筑、装饰材料中的化学成分。资料表明,在我们生活环境内排放的浮游微粒70%来自人为因素。另据调查,哮喘病、肺炎、心脏病等疾病的发病率,都与浮游微粒的增减有关。
(节选自《百科知识》2002年7月份)

下列对“尘炸”现象的表述不正确的一项是( )。

A.砂糖、面粉、铝粉、铁粉、咖啡、干奶粉等都是能产生“尘炸”的物质

B.易爆尘埃分散得越细,颗粒越小,表面积就越大,反应性能就更活泼,产生“尘炸”的可能性就越大

C.“尘炸”的威力与物质分散的颗粒大小有关:颗粒越大,尘埃的浓度也就越大,“尘弹”的威力也越大

D.产生“尘炸”的诱因最主要的是摩擦冲击以及电器设备或静电产生的火花