问题 填空题

甲醇是一种可再生能源,具有开发和应用的广阔前景,工业上一般可采用如下反应来合成甲醇:

CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)。

(1)分析该反应并回答下列问题:

① 平衡常数表达式为K=__________。

② 下列各项中,不能够说明该反应已达到平衡的是______________(填序号)。

a.恒温、恒容条件下,容器内的压强不发生变化

b.一定条件下,CH3OH分解的速率和CH3OH生成的速率相等

c.一定条件下,CO、H2和CH3OH的浓度保持不变

d.一定条件下,单位时间内消耗2mol CO,同时生成1mol CH3OH

(2)下图是该反应在不同温度下CO的转化率随时间变化的曲线。

① 该反应的焓变ΔH____________0(填“>”、“<”或“=”)。

② T1和T2温度下的平衡常数大小关系是K1____________K2(填“>”、“<”或“=”)。

③ 若容器容积不变,下列措施可增加甲醇产率的是______________。

a.升高温度 b.将CH3OH(g)从体系中分离 c.使用合适的催化剂 d.充入He,使体系总压强增大

(3)已知在常温常压下:

① 2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+4H2O(g)  ΔH =-a kJ·mol-1

② 2CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g)  ΔH =-b kJ·mol-1

③ H2O(g)= H2O(l)  ΔH=-c kJ·mol-1

则,CH3OH(l)+O2(g) =CO(g)+2H2O(l)  ΔH=______________kJ·mol-1

(4)2009年10月,中国科学院长春应用化学研究所在甲醇燃料电池技术方面获得新突破,组装出了自呼吸电池及主动式电堆。甲醇燃料电池的工作原理如图所示。

① 该电池工作时,b口通入的物质为____________, c口通入的物质为__________。

② 该电池正极的电极反应式为 ___________________________________。

③ 工作一段时间后,当6.4g甲醇完全反应生成CO2时,有___________NA个电子转移。

(5)以上述电池做电源,用下图所示装置,在实验室中模拟铝制品表面“钝化”处理的过程中,发现溶液逐渐变浑浊,原因是(用相关的电极反应式和离子方程式表示):_________________________

答案

(1)①K=[CH3OH]/[CO][H2]2;②d

(2)① <;② >;③ b

(3)(b-a-4c)/2

(4)①CH3OH;O2;②O2+4e-+4H+→2H2O;③ 1.2

(5)Al→Al3++3e-,Al3++3HCO3-=Al(OH)3↓+3CO2

阅读理解

Sydney Airport International Terminal-Arrival Area

SPECIALTY RETAIL

Newslink: Two separate Newslink stores cater to all your reading needs including newspapers, magazines and the latest bestsellers.

Downtown Duty Free: Make sure you shop at Downtown Duty Free for great savings on a range of items including perfume, alcohol, skincare and cigarettes. It’s your last chance before customs.

Beach Culture: A must for those into the Latest in beach clothing. Top surfer street and fashion labels including Mambo, Stussy and Quicksilver, including children’s sizes

DINING

Blue Sky Cafe: Speedy service leaves you time to keep an eye on the arrivals gate. Fresh milk, coffee, lemon juice, beer, Whisky, ice-cream, soda water, cakes and dumplings are on sale.

Macdonald’s: hamburgers, fries, pancakes, toasted potatoes, muffins, Pepsi, coca-cola and chocolates-all your family favorites. Breakfast served until 10:30.

SERVICES

ATM: ATMs are conveniently located throughout Arrival and Departures. Dollars, pounds and francs and RMB are all available.

Vodafone Rentals: This communications center offers the very latest technology for mobile phone rentals, sales and serving.

小题1:Where is the passage likely to appear?

A.A morning newspaper.

B.A monthly magazine.

C.A geography book.

D.An official guide.小题2:The underlined phrase “cater to” probably means ________.

A.satisfy

B.afford

C.support

D.help小题3:You may have better choices to deal with _________.

A.your hunger problem in Blue Sky Cafe and your thirsty problem in Macdonald’s

B.your thirsty problem in Blue Sky Cafe and your hunger problem in Macdonald’s

C.your hunger and thirsty problems in the Blue Sky Cafe

D.your hunger and thirsty problems in the Macdonald’s小题4:At Beach Culture you can probably buy __________.

A.newspapers and magazines

B.skincare and cigarettes

C.adult cotton T-shirts

D.fresh juice and breakfast roils

选择题