问题 材料分析题

材料一:我国人口众多,人均资源占有量低。据统计,我国能源消耗占世界总量的1/4。我国单位能耗创造的GDP仅为o.7美元,而世界平均水平为3.2美元。我国CO2排放占世界总量的1/3,预计到2015年超过美国成为世界第一排放大国。下图为2008年中国能源结构对比图。

注:煤炭在能源结构中的比重,世界平均水平为24.2%。

材料二:目前,中国科技进步对经济增长的贡献率不足40%,而发达国家普遍超过70%。中国只有万分之三的企业拥有自主知识产权。中 * * * * 胡 * * 干2009年12月在广东省考察工作时强调,要“推动经济发展从要素驱动向创新驱动转变”,打好转变经济发展方式这场硬仗。

(1)上述材料揭示了我国经济发展方面存在的主要问题有哪些?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2)针对上述问题,运用经济生活知识,说明我国应如何打好转变经济发展方式这场硬仗?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

材料三:为应对气候变化,20世纪90年代以来,联合国不断推动国家间的气候谈判。但由于与会各国的分歧,2009年12月召开的联合国气候变化大会仅达成了不具有法律约束力的“哥本哈根协议”。中国政府本着时中国人民和全人类负责的态度,自主确定了减缓温室气体排放的行动目标:到2020年单位GDP二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%至45%。同时,中国积极开展与各方在气候变化方面的对话与合作。

(3)结合材料三,运用政治生活知识,评析中国和联合国在应对气候变化方面所起的作用。

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

(1)我国经济发展,以煤为主的能源消费结构不合理,能源利用效率低,资源消耗和碳排放量大;科技贡献率低,企业缺少核心技术。总之,经济增长方式粗放,过于依赖靠物资消耗推动经济增长。

(2)我国转变经济发展方式,要促进经济增长由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。为此,我国要提高自主创新能力,优化能源结构,抑制二氧化碳排放,促进低碳经济发展,走新型工业化道路,加快推进生态文明建设,推动经济、社会发展向资源节约型和环境友好型转变。

(3)①中国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策,根据国情确定自主减排目标,是坚持这一政策,坚定地维护自己的国家利益的具体体现;中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国、世界最大的发展中国家,在联合国等多边合作平台上捍卫国家利益,履行国际义务,承担大国责任,维护各国人民的共同利益。②联合国在保障全球安全和国际合作中发挥着不可替代的作用。在全球气候保护方面,它促进了主权国家开展交流与合作,在一定程度上调解了各国在节能减排中的纠纷。但由于国家利益是影响国际关系的决定性因素,联合国无法超越主权国家的利益,其协调国际事务有其局限性。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Copenhagen, one of the world’s most bicycle-friendly cities, has begun turning its extensive network

of cycle paths into bike highways in an effort to push more commuters (上下班往返的人) to leave their

cars at home.

     Considered one of Europe’s two “bicycle capitals” along with Amsterdam, Copenhagen counts more

bicycles than people and cycling is so popular that its numerous bike paths can become congested.

      Two-wheeler traffic jams are especially regular on the main Noerrebrogade thoroughfare (大街)

used by around 36,000 cyclists a day. “You have to elbow your way (挤过去) to go forward and some

cyclists aren’t always thoughtful,” complains 22-year-old university student Lea Bresell.

      The creation of bike highways “comes right on time”, says Danish Cyclist Federation spokesman

Frits Bredal. “Copenhagen’s roads are overloaded with people who want to ride their bicycles in all

kinds of weather,” he says.

     If in the 1960s Danes viewed the car as the symbol of freedom, the bicycle has assumed that role

today, Bredal says.

    "It’s a means of transportation used by all social classes, and even politicians ride bikes,” he says.

     It is on crowded Noerrebrogade - the busiest bicycle street in Europe - that city planners have

decided to build the first of Copenhagen’s environmentally friendly streets. The jammed bike paths will

be widened up to four meters on either side of the road, which will itself be reserved for buses only.

     The idea is to make Noerrebrogade “Europe’s great cycling street”, says Andreas Roehl, the

Copenhagen city’s bicycle program manager who is also known as “Mister Bike”.

     But Roehl is not content with making life easier for Copenhagen’s inner city cyclists: He wants to get

suburbanites (郊区居民) out of their cars and onto two wheels as well.

     His goal is to increase the percentage of suburban commuters cycling to and from the city from the 33

percent it is today to more than 50 percent by 2015. Within the city, 55 percent of all commuters already

travel by bike.

     Already Copenhagen stands out among other European capitals for its cycling infrastructure, counting

more than 390 kilometers of bike paths.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Copenhagen is planning to build bicycle-friendly highways.

B. Copenhagen is planning to build highways.

C. Copenhagen is one of Europe’s two “bicycle capitals”.

D. Two-wheeler traffic jams are especially common in Copenhagen.

2. What does Lea Bresell think of the present bike traffic on the main Noerrebrogade thoroughfare?

A. pleasant

B. Terrible

C. Cyclists are considerate

D. Bike paths are not made full use of

3. We can infer that _______.

A. most of people in Copenhagen can’t afford to buy cars

B. hiking is very common in Copenhagen

C. cars will not be allowed to run on the widened Noerrebrogade thoroughfare

D. Noerrebrogade thoroughfare will be deserted

4. How do suburban commuters travel to and from the city in Copenhagen at present?

A. More than half of the suburban commuters travel by bike.

B. Almost all the suburban commuters take buses.

C. Few suburban commuters travel by car.

D. About one third of the suburban commuters travel by bike.

5. According to the passage, what do you know about Copenhagen?

A. Copenhagen possibly has the longest among European capitals.

B. Copenhagen has the longest history among European capitals.

C. Copenhagen has the largest population among European capitals.

D. Copenhagen is the biggest in size among European capitals.